LL.B. (Three Years) Sem 1 Labour Laws Feb 2026 75/25 Question Paper - Mumbai University | munotes

Questions asked in this paper

• Form number 01091. Hand-dated 03/02/2026, FYLLB SEM-I Regular. 4 pages: the English paper on pages 1 to 2, the Marathi translation on pages 3 to 4. NB: 1. All questions are compulsory 2. Figures to the right indicates full marks 3. Give case-laws/reasons wherever necessary.

SECTION I - Answer Any Six of the following (any 6 of 8) 12 Marks

1. Q1 Explain the concept of "Negotiating Council" as per the Industrial Relations Code, 2020.
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2. Q2 What is collective bargaining?
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3. Q3 Define "Standing orders" under the Industrial Relations Code, 2020.
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4. Q4 Define Worker" under the Industrial Relations Code, 2020.
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5. Q5 What are the duties of a conciliation officer under the Industrial Relations Code, 2020?
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6. Q6 What is meant by "award" under the Industrial Relations Code, 2020?
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7. Q7 List any three deductions allowed under the Code on Wages, 2019.
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8. Q8 Define "Minimum wage" as per the Code on Wages, 2019.
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SECTION II - Write Short Notes (Any Two) (any 2 of 4) 12 Marks

1. Q9 "Industry" as per Industrial Relations Code, 2020
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2. Q10 Retrenchment and Layoff
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3. Q11 Unfair Labour Practices
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4. Q12 Time limit for payment of wages
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SECTION III - Answer Any Two of the following (any 2 of 4) 12 Marks

1. Q13 M/s. ABC Pvt. Ltd., employing 352 workers, did not prepare or submit draft standing orders even after the Industrial Relations Code became applicable to them. The union complained that workers are not protected by fixed service rules.
   • (i) What duties does an employer have regarding draft standing orders under the Code?
   • (ii) What is the effect of absence of certified standing orders?
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2. Q14 In a factory with 350 workers, Union A commands 42% membership, while Union B has 58%. Union A still demands joint representation in negotiations.
   • (i) What is a "Negotiating union"?
   • (ii) Who must be recognized under the Industrial Relations Code?
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3. Q15 A Conciliation officer attempted to resolve a wage dispute but the employer refused to attend meetings.
   • (i) What are the statutory duties of the Conciliation Officer?
   • (ii) What is the legal effect of failure of conciliation?
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4. Q16 M/s. X Metals pays wages on the 15th of every month. In April, wages were paid on the 20th due to an "audit delay." Workers complained that such delay violates the law.
   • (i) What is the statutory time limit for wage payment?
   • (ii) Is the employer's justification valid?
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SECTION IV - Answer Any Three of the following (any 3 of 5) 39 Marks

1. Q17 Discuss the historical reasons for the formation of workers' combinations, emphasizing their relevance in the Industrial Revolution.
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2. Q18 Discuss the concept of "standing orders" and the process of certification under the Industrial Relations Code, 2020.
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3. Q19 Define "Strike" and "Lockout" and discuss the procedure and restrictions for initiating a Strike and Lockout under the Industrial Relations Code, 2020.
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4. Q20 Explain the components of minimum wages under the Code. Also explain the procedure for fixing and revising minimum wages as per Code of Wages, 2019.
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5. Q21 Explain the procedure for registration of a trade union under the Industrial Relations Code, 2020.
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