LL.B. (Five Years) Sem 8 Human Rights Law Oct 2024 ATKT 75/25 Question Paper - Mumbai University | munotes

Questions asked in this paper

Q1 Q.1: Answer any SIX in one or two sentences (12 Marks - 2 marks each)

1. (1) Why are Human Rights essential for every individual?
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2. (2) What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights in the context of protecting individual liberties?
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3. (3) What is the primary objective of the International Labour Organization (ILO)?
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4. (4) What is the role of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)?
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5. (5) Write the two important judgments relating to rights of women.
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6. (6) What is the primary role of the National Commission for Minorities in India?
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7. (7) What is the American Regional Arrangement (ARA)?
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8. (8) What are First, Second, and Third Generation Human Rights?
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Q2 Q.2: Write short notes on any TWO (12 Marks - 6 marks each)

1. (1) Universality of Human Rights
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2. (2) European Regional Arrangement
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3. (3) Features of the Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), 2008
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4. (4) National Commission for Scheduled Tribes
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Q3 Q.3: Solve any TWO with reasons (12 Marks - 6 marks each)

1. (1) Aisha, a 10-year-old girl, lives in a community where child labor is common. Her parents work long hours in a local factory, struggling to make ends meet. Aisha often misses school to help her family with chores and work, which affects her education and well-being. A local NGO learns about Aisha's situation and decides to intervene. (a) How does the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) protect Aisha's right to education? (b) What actions can the local NGO take to uphold Aisha's rights under the CRC?
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2. (2) A civil war has erupted in Country 'X', causing widespread violence and persecution of specific ethnic groups. As a result, thousands of refugees flee to Country 'Y' seeking safety and asylum. Upon arrival, some refugees face discrimination and are denied basic human rights, such as access to healthcare and education. (a) What human rights violations are the refugees experiencing in Country Y, and how do these violations contradict international human rights law? (b) What actions can Country Y take to ensure the protection of the human rights of the refugees and comply with its international obligations?
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3. (3) A remote tribal community in India, the Adiwasi tribe, has been facing severe discrimination in accessing government health services. Despite the government's initiatives, many members of the tribe are denied treatment at local health facilities. An NGO, "Tribal Rights Alliance," intervenes to address these issues, working closely with the community to document instances of discrimination and to provide essential health services through mobile clinics. (a) How can the NGO "Tribal Rights Alliance" contribute to ensuring that the Adiwasi tribe receives equal access to government health services? (b) What role does "Tribal Rights Alliance" play in protecting the human rights of the Adiwasi tribe in this scenario?
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4. (4) A small village has been suffering from a lack of clean drinking water for months. The local government, despite multiple requests, has failed to take any action to provide safe water to the residents. As a result, many villagers, including children, are falling ill. The authorities are aware of the situation but have not made any efforts to address the issue, claiming it is not a priority. (a) What human rights are being violated in this situation? (b) What can the villagers do to address this violation of their rights?
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Q4 Q.4: Write Essay Type answer on any THREE (39 Marks - 13 marks each)

1. (1) How does the United Nations Human Rights System, guided by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), contribute to the protection and promotion of human rights globally?
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2. (2) How do international human rights frameworks address discrimination and violence against LGBT individuals, and what measures can be implemented to enhance their protection and inclusion in society?
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3. (3) How effective has the implementation of Convention on Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) been in promoting gender equality and eliminating discrimination against women in signatory States?
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4. (4) How does the Indian Constitution safeguard Human Rights and what specific provisions ensure the protection of fundamental rights for all citizens?
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5. (5) How does the relationship between rights and duties shape the interaction between Individuals, the State and Society, and what are the implications for balancing individual freedoms with societal responsibilities?
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