LL.B. (Three Years) Sem 4 Human Rights Law May 2025 75/25 Question Paper - Mumbai University | munotes

Questions asked in this paper

SECTION I - Q.1: Answer any SIX of the following in not more than two sentences (12 Marks - 2 marks each)

1. Q1 Define Human Rights.
2. Q2 What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights?
3. Q3 What is the role of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)?
4. Q4 What is the significance of European Regional Arrangements?
5. Q5 What is the role of International Labour Organization (ILO)?
6. Q6 What is the objective of African Regional Arrangement.
7. Q7 Explain the term right to healthy environment.
8. Q8 What is the difference between Fundamental Rights and Human Rights?

SECTION II - Q.2: Write short notes on any TWO (12 Marks - 6 marks each)

1. Q9 Role of United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
2. Q10 Role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in protection of Human Rights
3. Q11 American Regional Arrangement
4. Q12 Universality of Human Rights

SECTION III - Q.3: Answer any TWO (12 Marks - 6 marks each)

1. Q13 A residential society in a city has been facing severe air pollution for the past few months due to a nearby factory that emits large amounts of smoke and chemicals. The residents, especially those with children and elderly members, have complained about frequent health issues such as respiratory problems and eye irritation. Despite several complaints to local authorities, no action has been taken, and the factory continues its operations. (a) Does the Right to a Healthy Environment fall under the purview of Fundamental Rights in India? Justify. (b) In the given scenario, how can the residents approach the judiciary to claim their Right to Environment under the Human Rights framework?
2. Q14 Priya, a 30-year-old woman from Mumbai, has been facing continuous harassment at her workplace. Despite her repeated complaints to the HR department, no action has been taken. Frustrated and feeling helpless, Priya decides to approach the National Commission for Women (NCW) for assistance. (a) What steps can Priya take to file a complaint with the National Commission for Women (NCW)? (b) What legal provisions allow the NCW to intervene in cases of harassment and protect Priya's rights?
3. Q15 A tribal community in a remote village in Maharashtra has been facing issues of land encroachment by non-tribal settlers. Despite several complaints and petitions, local authorities have not taken any effective steps to resolve the matter. The tribal community members have now approached the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes for intervention. (a) What is the role of the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes in addressing grievances related to the rights of Scheduled Tribes under the Constitution? (b) What legal steps can the tribal community take to escalate their issue to the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes if local authorities fail to act?
4. Q16 Ravi, a young man with a hearing impairment, is employed at a private company in Mumbai. He has been working there for two years and has always received satisfactory performance reviews. However, recently, Ravi's manager has started assigning him tasks that require communication skills involving verbal instructions, even though he has repeatedly requested reasonable accommodations, such as written instructions or a sign language interpreter. Ravi has now filed a complaint with the company, citing his rights under the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), 2008. The company argues that providing an interpreter or written instructions would be too costly and impractical. (a) Does the company's failure to provide reasonable accommodations to Ravi violate the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), 2008? Explain. (b) What are the responsibilities of private employers under the CRPD to ensure equal treatment and opportunities for persons with disabilities in the workplace?

SECTION IV - Q.4: Answer any THREE in details (39 Marks - 13 marks each)

1. Q17 How does the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), 1979, establish the legal obligations of its State Parties regarding gender equality, and what mechanisms are in place to monitor and ensure compliance with its provisions?
2. Q18 How has the judiciary in India played a pivotal role in the protection and promotion of human rights? Explain in detail.
3. Q19 How do the First, Second, and Third Generation Human Rights differ in terms of their evolution, distinguishing factors, and essential characteristics?
4. Q20 What are the key provisions of the International Convention on the Rights of Older Persons, 2020, and how do they address the challenges of aging populations in both developed and developing countries?
5. Q21 How do the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to promote global peace, environmental sustainablility and socio-economic equity? Explain.

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