LLM Group 6 Environment and Legal Order Resource Management and The Law Solved Question Papers with Answers 2015 to 2026 - Mumbai University | munotes

Seven files in this folder hold NINE distinct printed papers and sixty three questions, and all sixty three are answered here. Two of the scans carry two complete and different hundred mark papers each, not a paper and its Marathi translation: the 2016 file holds QP Code 11790, footed BB-Con. 2996-16, and Q.P. Code 308801, and the 2018 file holds Q.P. Code 50527 from the first half sitting of 2018 and Q.P. Code 29859 from the second. The 2015 file is QP Code 12224 and the 2019 file Q.P. Code 50526, and the three newest files are single papers under subject code 76024, on form 21242 in 2022, form 69324 in 2024 and form 04906 in 2025-2026.

The shape of the paper has not moved since 2015: three hours, a hundred marks, seven questions, attempt any four. Every question is therefore worth twenty five marks, but only the 2024 paper prints that figure; on the other eight it is the paper's own arithmetic. No question is compulsory anywhere in the folder. The last question is always a set of short notes of which you write two, and the choice has narrowed: five options on the 2015 paper, the second 2016 paper, both 2018 papers and 2019, four on the first 2016 paper and in 2024, and three in 2022 and 2025-2026.

What recurs is unusually concentrated, and the counts are by paper, so a topic set twice on one paper counts once. ENERGY is set as a full question on ALL NINE papers, the only topic that is, and the 2024 paper sets it twice, once on wind energy and once on nuclear energy. MINING AND QUARRYING is on all nine as well, as a full question on eight and as a short note on the first 2016 paper. HERITAGE, meaning historical monuments and natural heritage, is a full question on eight papers, and INTER-STATE WATER on seven. GROUND WATER, with its salinity, is on eight papers, as a full question on five and a short note on three. Forests are a full question on five papers, all of them from 2016 to 2019. Among the short notes, aquaculture is offered on seven papers, six times as aquaculture and fishing regulations, and the Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum case on four.

That produces the most useful fact in this note, and it was computed by testing every combination of topics against every paper rather than estimated. NO SET OF FOUR topics will answer the four questions you have to write on all nine papers. EXACTLY ONE set of five will: energy, mining and quarrying, heritage, inter-State water, and ground water with salinity. That set does not even need the short notes question: it answers at least four full questions on every paper, and five on the 2015 and 2024 papers. The margin is thin, so the best insurance is forests, which adds an answerable question on all five papers from 2016 to 2019, or wetlands, which adds one on five papers including 2024.

Three full questions are printed in the same words on two papers, and each carries the identical answer here, because a candidate sitting either paper writes the same thing. The efficacy of present legislation to resolve inter-State water disputes is set on the second 2016 paper and in 2019. The merits and demerits of conventional and non-conventional energies, with alternatives to mitigate environmental degradation, are set on the second 2016 paper and the second 2018 paper. And the evaluation of the existing forest policy and its efficacy is set on BOTH 2018 papers, which sit on the same scan. The short notes repeat far more, with only trivial differences of wording: aquaculture and fishing regulations on six papers, the Vellore case on four, ground water management on three, and nuclear energy, the riparian rights of owners, the conservation and wise use of wetlands, the concept of common and State property, eco-friendly land planning and tribal habitats on two each. Each note is the same text wherever its printed topic is the same.

Beware the questions that LOOK repeated and are not, because the difference is the whole answer. Inter-State water is set on seven papers in six different forms: a discussion with reference to the Kaveri dispute in 2015, an enumeration of the redressal mechanism on the first 2016 paper, the efficacy of PRESENT legislation on the second 2016 paper and in 2019, the efficacy of EXISTING legislation on the second 2018 paper, the roles of the legislature, executive and judiciary in 2022, and equitable sharing with reforms in 2024, and each form has its own answer. The first 2018 paper adds four words to the merits and demerits question, degradation caused IN GENERATING energies, and is answered stage by stage through the life of a generating source. Salinity is set as a full question four ways: the provisions of Indian legislation in 2015, a discussion of the problem on the first 2016 paper, its impact on resource management in 2024, and together with urban rainwater harvesting in 2025-2026. And mining is set on eight papers in eight different forms, from operations near populated areas to the judicial remedial approach, the Joshimath scare and the statement that mining cannot be fully stopped.

The three newest papers have changed character. Their questions are long and composite, often two questions joined by also, and they bring questions the older papers never set: construction and mining in the mountains after Joshimath, and the urbanisation and concretisation of India, in 2022; the legal framework for wind energy and the regulation of nuclear energy in 2024; and popular environmental movements, urban rainwater harvesting and the transition to a sustainable energy future in 2025-2026. The 2022 paper is headed 2022, but it calls the Joshimath safety scare, which began in January 2023, recent, so it was sat in 2023 at the earliest.

Several faults in the printing are worth knowing so that you do not think you have misread. The 2015 paper spells Kaveri as KAUVERI, quarrying as QUARRING, salinity as SALANITY, aquaculture as ACQUACULTURE and riparian as RIPERIAN, sets a note on the PARTICIPATIN of tribal habitats, and asks about national heritages where the other papers say natural. The first 2016 paper asks for the REDRESSER mechanism and speaks of historical MANUMENTS. The 2022 paper counts acts of CONVERSATION among the ways the State safeguards heritage, meaning conservation. And the Marathi version of the riparian rights note on the 2025-2026 paper can be read as the rights of people living along the coast; the English asks about riparian rights, and the answer follows the English.

Every answer here is written on the law as it stands in September 2026, and in this subject that reaches three of the most set topics. Nuclear energy is answered on the SHANTI Act, 2025, enacted to replace the Atomic Energy Act, 1962 and the nuclear liability law of 2010 but not yet in force. Mine safety is answered on the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020, which replaced the Mines Act, 1952 on 21 November 2025. And environmental clearance is answered on the Supreme Court's judgment of 29 July 2026 in Vanashakti v. Union of India, which holds that prior clearance is mandatory.

Every paper in the folder asks for case law, and the answers are built on the authorities this subject turns on, among them the Tamil Nadu Cauvery Sangam case of 1990 and State of Karnataka v. State of Tamil Nadu of 2018 on the Kaveri, Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v. Union of India and S. Jagannath v. Union of India on the precautionary and polluter pays principles, Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra v. State of U.P. and Goa Foundation v. Union of India on mining, T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India on the meaning of forest, Samatha v. State of Andhra Pradesh and Orissa Mining Corporation v. Ministry of Environment and Forest on tribal land and the Gram Sabha, M.C. Mehta v. Kamal Nath on the public trust, G. Sundarrajan v. Union of India on nuclear power, and M.K. Ranjitsinh v. Union of India on clean energy and the great Indian bustard.

These are model answers prepared by munotes. They are a study aid and not official University answer keys, which the University of Mumbai does not publish.