LLM Group 6 Environment and Legal Order Environment and International Legal Order Solved Question Papers with Answers 2015 to 2026 - Mumbai University | munotes

Four files in this folder hold SEVEN distinct printed papers and forty nine questions, and all forty nine are answered here. Three of the four scans carry two complete and different hundred mark papers rather than a paper and its Marathi. The file named 2015 is Q.P. Code 12315 on page one, footed BB-Con. 6348-15, and Q.P. Code 27263 on page two, footed BB-Con. 1785-15. The file named 2016 is Q.P. Code 15763 and Q.P. Code 61023. The file named 2018 is Q.P. Code 09052 and Q.P. Code 09053, both under subject code 29306. Only the 2025-2026 file is a single paper, subject code 26924 on printer's form 16352, sat on 10 July 2026.

The most important fact about this folder is that the subject changed its number, its name and its semester, and its content changed with them. Six of the seven papers are headed Paper VII, International Environmental Law, SY LLM SEM IV. The 2025-2026 paper is headed Paper IV, Environment and International Legal Order, FY LLM SEM II. They share NOT ONE TOPIC. The older papers ask about the historical development of international law, dispute settlement, the Montreal Protocol, Basel, the impact of the global market on sovereignty and State responsibility in war. The newest paper asks about natural and cultural heritage, ocean dumping, ozone depletion, international climate finance and the 2030 Agenda, the United Nations agencies, nuclear fallout, the International Seabed Authority, marine resources and disaster management. A candidate revising only the older papers would sit down to a paper with nothing on it that they had prepared, so read the 2025-2026 paper first.

For the six older papers the concentration is unusually high. State responsibility in war is set on five of the six and global economic development on all six, counting the short notes. After those come the impact of the global market on sovereignty on four papers, biodiversity on four, environmental standards for developing nations on four, climate change on four and bilateral disputes on four. Dispute settlement, the Montreal Protocol, human rights and hazardous waste each appear on three.

That produces the most useful fact in this note, and it was computed by testing every combination rather than estimated. No set of five topics will answer the four questions you have to write on all six of the older papers. EXACTLY ONE set of six will: bilateral disputes, biodiversity, global economic development, the impact of the global market on sovereignty, the Montreal Protocol, and State responsibility in war. Prepare those six and you can write a full paper on any of the six older sittings. The margin is thin, so the best insurance is climate change, which supplies a further answerable question on four of them.

The 2025-2026 paper must be prepared separately, and it needs fewer topics. No set of three of its nine topics answers four of its questions, and forty five different sets of four do, because its short notes question offers four options of which you need two. The most economical preparation is heritage, marine resources, international climate finance and disaster management: the first three answer questions 1, 2 and 4 outright, and marine resources with disaster management together answer the notes question.

The shape has not moved across the four sittings: three hours, one hundred marks, seven questions, attempt any four, all questions carry equal marks, cite case law. Every question is therefore worth twenty five marks and each answer has about forty five minutes. NO PAPER IN THIS FOLDER PRINTS TWENTY FIVE against a question, which unsettles students who expect to see it, and the figure is the paper's own arithmetic: four answers to make one hundred. There is no compulsory question anywhere in the folder. Every paper closes with a short notes question, and on the six older papers it offers FIVE options where most LLM papers offer four; the 2025-2026 paper offers four.

Only two questions in the whole folder are printed in identical words more than once, which is far less reuse than most folders in this course offer. The question on the impact of the global market on the sovereignty of State and control over natural resources is set three times, on the 2015 first half, the 2018 first half and the 2018 second half. The essay on the historical development of International Law is set twice, on the 2015 first half and the 2018 first half. The same printed question gets the same answer here, because a candidate sitting either paper writes the same thing. Several short note topics also recur across papers, among them hazardous materials, global economic development, climate change, the Trail Smelter case and the Ramsar Convention, and those notes are likewise the same text wherever the printed topic is the same.

Beware the questions that LOOK repeated and are not, because the difference is the whole answer. The 2015 first half asks for an essay on the historical development of INTERNATIONAL LAW and the 2018 second half asks you to enumerate the historical development of INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW, which begins with seals and smelter fumes rather than with Grotius. The 2015 first half asks what the salient features of the Montreal Protocol ARE and the 2018 second half asks you to DISCUSS them, which wants evaluation. State responsibility in war is set in four different formulations across the folder, enumerate the State responsibility, explain the State Responsibility, discuss the State responsibilities and enumerate the State Role, and the last of those asks what a State DOES rather than what it answers for. Bilateral disputes are set as the principles, as the basic principles of resolution and as the machinery to resolve them.

Five faults in the printing are worth knowing so that you do not think you have misread. The 2018 first half asks you to evaluate the salient FACTURES of the Basel Convention, meaning features. The 2018 second half asks what the PRINCIPALS are to resolve bilateral disputes, meaning principles. The 2015 second half asks about the role ON National courts, meaning of. The 2016 second half asks about the provisions involved on CLIMATE CHANGE I AND CLIMATE CHANGE II CONFERENCES, and no instrument bears those names: the answer here takes both readings the phrase can bear, the World Climate Conferences of Geneva 1979 and Geneva 1990 and the first two Conferences of the Parties at Berlin 1995 and Geneva 1996. And the 2025-2026 paper sets a short note on the WORLD ENVIRONMENT FUND, which exists under no instrument; the nearest real body is the Environment Fund of the United Nations Environment Programme, created by the same resolution that created the Programme on 15 December 1972, and the answer says so before setting out the funds the system actually has.

These are model answers prepared by munotes. They are a study aid and not official University answer keys, which the University of Mumbai does not publish.