LLM Group 2 Business Law Fundamental Principles of Law of Contract and Allied Laws Solved Question Papers with Answers 2015 to 2026 - Mumbai University | munotes

This folder holds nine scans, and those nine scans hold twelve distinct printed papers and ninety eight questions, running from 2015 to the examination of 27 February 2026. Three of the scans carry more than one paper: the 2018 file is Q.P. Code 29170 on page one and printer's form 60135 on page two, the 2019 file is form 68578 on page one and form 81067 on page two with its Marathi translation on page three, and the 2022 file holds the paper sat on 2 June 2022 on its first two pages and a completely separate paper, form 20989, sat on 25 January 2023, on the third. Every one of the ninety eight questions is answered here, because the four a candidate chooses differ.

The paper is called Fundamental Principles of Law of Contract and Allied Laws, and the allied law is arbitration. Counted question by question across the twelve papers, the arbitration and dispute resolution topics carry seventy nine topic hits and the contract topics seventy eight. Half of this subject is the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, and a candidate who prepares only the Indian Contract Act, 1872 has prepared half the paper.

Eleven of the twelve papers have the same shape: five to seven essay questions, answer any four, all questions carrying equal marks, one hundred marks in three hours, which makes every answer a twenty five mark answer. No paper in the folder prints a marks figure against a question; twenty five is the paper's own arithmetic. The exception is the paper of 2 June 2022, which is built completely differently: Part A is fifteen short questions of three marks each of which any ten are answered, Part B is twelve descriptive questions of ten marks each of which any seven are answered, and it runs for three hours thirty minutes rather than three. The 2015 paper is worth a separate word, because it is the only one that offers just five questions for the four to be answered, so a narrow preparation cannot survive it.

We mapped all ninety eight questions to topics and then tested every combination of topics for one that would give four answerable questions on all eleven of the answer any four papers. No set of six topics does it. Exactly sixteen sets of seven do, and only two topics appear in every one of those sixteen: the foundation theories of contract, and quasi contract with unjust enrichment and restitution. That second one is the surprise, because it is only the fifth commonest topic by presence and yet nothing works without it. The four commonest topics on their own, the arbitral tribunal, the foundation theories, the essentials of a valid agreement and recourse against the arbitral award, get you to four answerable questions on only three of the eleven papers.

The recurrence figures, counted and not estimated, are these. The composition, powers and functions of the arbitral tribunal appear on ten of the twelve papers, the foundation theories of contract on ten, and the essentials of a valid agreement or contract on ten. Recourse against the arbitral award, including appeal and the grounds of challenge, is on nine. Quasi contract, unjust enrichment and restitution are on eight, and consideration with the no consideration no contract rule on eight. The arbitration agreement and arbitration clause, the Lok Adalat and Family Courts, and the arbitral award itself are on seven each. Agreements in restraint of trade and void agreements are on six each, and the contract of agency appears on exactly one paper in the whole folder, the paper of 12 June 2024.

Two things these papers assume are no longer the law, and both matter for marks. Two of them, the 2015 paper and form 68578 of 2019, ask about the circumstances in which the Chief Justice is empowered to appoint an arbitrator; the Chief Justice has had no such power since 23 October 2015, when the amendment of that year substituted the Supreme Court or the High Court throughout section 11. And five of the twelve papers set the United Nations Convention on Sales as a note or a discussion item; India has never signed or acceded to that Convention, so it reaches an Indian contract only where the parties choose it or where a foreign court's conflict rules lead to it. Both points are made where they arise, because an answer that repeats the question's assumption loses the top band.

These are model answers prepared by munotes. They are a study aid and not official University answer keys, which the University of Mumbai does not publish.