LL.M. Business Law Semester 3: Notes and Solved Previous Year Question Papers 2026

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1. Law of Insurance

   Official Notes munotes.in

   Law of Insurance

   LL.M. · SEMESTER 3

   Strictly as per the University of Mumbai LL.M. syllabus in force

   For LL.M. students of the University of Mumbai and all its affiliated law colleges

   munotes.in Group 2 Business Law

   Law of Insurance

   Copyright © 2026 munotes.in. All rights reserved.

   Written and first published by munotes.in, 2026.

   This book is for individual students to read at munotes.in. No part of it may be reproduced, distributed, stored, translated or used for institutional or classroom purposes in any form without a prior written licence from munotes.in.

   Licensing and permissions: contact@munotes.in

   The text of statutes and of judgments reproduced in this book is in the public domain under section 52(1)(q) of the Copyright Act 1957. The commentary, arrangement, examples and questions are the original work of munotes.in.

   munotes.in is an independent study resource for MU students. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or officially connected to the University of Mumbai. Course names and university references describe the students and syllabus the material relates to.

   Contents

   Module I

   1. What Insurance Is 1
   2. Risk and the Pooling of Loss 8
   3. How Insurance Began 13
   4. How Insurance Came to India 18
   5. The Need and Importance of Insurance 22
   6. The Functions of Insurance 28
   7. The Kinds of Insurance 32
   8. Insurance, Wager, Indemnity and Guarantee 37
   9. Social Insurance 43
   10. How an Insurance Contract Is Made 48
   11. Insurable Interest 53
   12. Utmost Good Faith 58
   13. Indemnity 65
   14. Subrogation 70
   15. Subrogation and Assignment of the Right to the Insurer 75
   16. Contribution and Double Insurance 79
   17. Proximate Cause 84
   18. Risk, and the Effect of an Alteration in It 89
   19. Warranties, Conditions and Representations 94
   20. How an Insurance Policy Is Construed 100

   Contents continued

   Module I continued

   1. The Rights and Duties of the Insured and of the Insurer 105
   2. Reinsurance 110
   3. Making a Claim, and What to Do When It Is Repudiated 115
   4. Agents, Brokers and Other Intermediaries 120
   5. Assignment and Nomination of a Policy 128
   6. The Insurance Act 1938 and Who May Insure 135
   7. Registration of an Insurer 141
   8. Capital and Capital Structure 146
   9. Accounts, Audit and the Actuary 152
   10. Returns, Inspection and the Authority’s Power to Call for Information 158
   11. Investment of an Insurer’s Assets 164
   12. Solvency, and the Premium Before the Risk 170
   13. Control over Management, and the Administrator 176
   14. The Rural and Social Sector Obligations 184
   15. Amalgamation, Transfer and Winding Up of an Insurer 189
   16. Dividends, Bonuses and the Prohibited Business 195
   17. The Life Insurance Corporation Act 1956 199
   18. How Life Insurance Was Nationalised 205
   19. Compensation for the Nationalised Insurers 211

   Contents continued

   Module I continued

   1. How the Corporation Is Governed 216
   2. The Corporation’s Money and the Surplus 224
   3. How General Insurance Was Nationalised 230
   4. The General Insurance Corporation and the Four Companies 237
   5. Privatisation and the Malhotra Committee 243
   6. Globalisation, and the Foreign Investment Cap 248
   7. The Authority: Establishment, Composition and Tenure 253
   8. The Duties, Powers and Functions of the Authority 259
   9. The Authority’s Money, and Its Accountability 265
   10. The Insurance Association of India and the Councils 271
   11. Penalties, Adjudication and Appeal 276
   12. Rules, Regulations and Subsidiary Instructions 283
   13. The Sabka Bima Sabki Raksha Act 2025 290
   14. Where the Indian Insurance Sector Stands 296
   15. Where an Insurance Dispute Is Decided 302

   Module II

   1. The Nature of a Life Insurance Contract 307
   2. The Events Insured, and the Factors Affecting Risk 312
   3. The Principles of Life Insurance 317

   Contents continued

   Module II continued

   1. Section 45: The Three Year Rule 322
   2. The Scope and Objects of Life Insurance 329
   3. Kinds of Life Policy 334
   4. The Life Policy as Property 339
   5. Premium, Lapse, Revival and Surrender Value 345
   6. The Life Claim 351
   7. Personal Accident Insurance 357
   8. What Counts as an Accident 362
   9. Health Insurance and Mediclaim 367
   10. Sickness, Critical Illness and Group Health Cover 373
   11. How a Health Claim Is Regulated 378
   12. The Marine Insurance Act 1963 383
   13. What a Contract of Marine Insurance Is 389
   14. Insurable Interest in Marine Insurance 394
   15. Disclosure and Representation in Marine Insurance 401
   16. The Marine Policy 407
   17. Warranties in Marine Insurance 414
   18. Seaworthiness and Cargoworthiness 420
   19. The Voyage: Deviation and Delay 426

   Contents continued

   Module II continued

   1. Assignment of a Marine Policy, and the Premium 433
   2. Perils of the Sea 438
   3. Total Loss and Abandonment 444
   4. Particular Average, General Average and Salvage 451
   5. The Measure of Indemnity 458
   6. Subrogation, Contribution and Under Insurance at Sea 465
   7. Hull, Cargo and Freight Insurance 471
   8. The Institute Clauses and the Indian Market 477
   9. Return of Premium, and the Closing Provisions 483

   Module III

   1. Property Insurance, and What It Covers 494
   2. Fire Insurance, and the Meaning of Fire 500
   3. The Standard Fire and Special Perils Policy 506
   4. The General Conditions of a Fire Policy 513
   5. The Exclusions in a Fire Policy 522
   6. Under Insurance, Average and Reinstatement 528
   7. Earthquake, Flood and the STFI Group 534
   8. Riot, Strike, Malicious Damage and Terrorism 539
   9. Burglary and Theft Insurance 545

   Contents continued

   Module III continued

   1. Accidental Loss and Damage, and the All Risks Form 551
   2. The Bharat Products 556
   3. Engineering and Machinery Insurance 563
   4. Business Interruption Insurance 568
   5. Crop, Cattle and Rural Property Insurance 574
   6. The Property Claim, and the Surveyor 580

   Module IV

   1. Liability Insurance 589
   2. Contractual and Legal Liabilities 595
   3. Accidents Arising under Tort: Negligence 600
   4. Strict and Absolute Liability 606
   5. Accidents Arising under Contract 612
   6. Accident Policies 618
   7. Assessment of Liability and Compensation 624
   8. Contributory Negligence 629
   9. Professional Negligence Insurance 635
   10. Product and Public Liability at Common Law 641
   11. Employee's Compensation under the Code 647
   12. Employees' State Insurance under the Code 656

   Contents continued

   Module IV continued

   1. Modern Liability Covers 664
   2. Compulsory Insurance 669
   3. The Necessity for Motor Third Party Cover 674
   4. What the Policy Must Cover 680
   5. The Certificate of Insurance 686
   6. The Third Party's Direct Right against the Insurer 692
   7. The Insurer's Defences, and How the Courts Have Narrowed Them 699
   8. The Motor Accident Claims Tribunal 707
   9. The Powers, Procedure and Functions of the Tribunal 712
   10. Who May Claim, and against Whom 718
   11. Assessment of Compensation in a Fatal Claim 725
   12. Assessment of Compensation for Injury 730
   13. No Fault Liability and Section 164 735
   14. Hit and Run, the Golden Hour and the Fund 741
   15. Public Liability Insurance: the Duty to Insure 747
   16. Claiming under the Public Liability Insurance Act 754
   17. The Other Statutory Compulsions 763

   Page 1 onwards

   770 pages in this book. The cover and the contents are above. Everything from page one is in the pass.

   Notes

   2026 Edition, as per the latest syllabus. 770 pages.

   Papers

   Previous year question paper solutions. Revised edition 2026. 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2023, 2025, 2026

   Every chapter in the notes: 129 chapters across 4 modules

   Module I 54 chapters

   1. 1 What Insurance Is pages 1 to 7
   2. 2 Risk and the Pooling of Loss pages 8 to 12
   3. 3 How Insurance Began pages 13 to 17
   4. 4 How Insurance Came to India pages 18 to 21
   5. 5 The Need and Importance of Insurance pages 22 to 27
   6. 6 The Functions of Insurance pages 28 to 31
   7. 7 The Kinds of Insurance pages 32 to 36
   8. 8 Insurance, Wager, Indemnity and Guarantee pages 37 to 42
   9. 9 Social Insurance pages 43 to 47
   10. 10 How an Insurance Contract Is Made pages 48 to 52
   11. 11 Insurable Interest pages 53 to 57
   12. 12 Utmost Good Faith pages 58 to 64
   13. 13 Indemnity pages 65 to 69
   14. 14 Subrogation pages 70 to 74
   15. 15 Subrogation and Assignment of the Right to the Insurer pages 75 to 78
   16. 16 Contribution and Double Insurance pages 79 to 83
   17. 17 Proximate Cause pages 84 to 88
   18. 18 Risk, and the Effect of an Alteration in It pages 89 to 93
   19. 19 Warranties, Conditions and Representations pages 94 to 99
   20. 20 How an Insurance Policy Is Construed pages 100 to 104
   21. 21 The Rights and Duties of the Insured and of the Insurer pages 105 to 109
   22. 22 Reinsurance pages 110 to 114
   23. 23 Making a Claim, and What to Do When It Is Repudiated pages 115 to 119
   24. 24 Agents, Brokers and Other Intermediaries pages 120 to 127
   25. 25 Assignment and Nomination of a Policy pages 128 to 134
   26. 26 The Insurance Act 1938 and Who May Insure pages 135 to 140
   27. 27 Registration of an Insurer pages 141 to 145
   28. 28 Capital and Capital Structure pages 146 to 151
   29. 29 Accounts, Audit and the Actuary pages 152 to 157
   30. 30 Returns, Inspection and the Authority’s Power to Call for Information pages 158 to 163
   31. 31 Investment of an Insurer’s Assets pages 164 to 169
   32. 32 Solvency, and the Premium Before the Risk pages 170 to 175
   33. 33 Control over Management, and the Administrator pages 176 to 183
   34. 34 The Rural and Social Sector Obligations pages 184 to 188
   35. 35 Amalgamation, Transfer and Winding Up of an Insurer pages 189 to 194
   36. 36 Dividends, Bonuses and the Prohibited Business pages 195 to 198
   37. 37 The Life Insurance Corporation Act 1956 pages 199 to 204
   38. 38 How Life Insurance Was Nationalised pages 205 to 210
   39. 39 Compensation for the Nationalised Insurers pages 211 to 215
   40. 40 How the Corporation Is Governed pages 216 to 223
   41. 41 The Corporation’s Money and the Surplus pages 224 to 229
   42. 42 How General Insurance Was Nationalised pages 230 to 236
   43. 43 The General Insurance Corporation and the Four Companies pages 237 to 242
   44. 44 Privatisation and the Malhotra Committee pages 243 to 247
   45. 45 Globalisation, and the Foreign Investment Cap pages 248 to 252
   46. 46 The Authority: Establishment, Composition and Tenure pages 253 to 258
   47. 47 The Duties, Powers and Functions of the Authority pages 259 to 264
   48. 48 The Authority’s Money, and Its Accountability pages 265 to 270
   49. 49 The Insurance Association of India and the Councils pages 271 to 275
   50. 50 Penalties, Adjudication and Appeal pages 276 to 282
   51. 51 Rules, Regulations and Subsidiary Instructions pages 283 to 289
   52. 52 The Sabka Bima Sabki Raksha Act 2025 pages 290 to 295
   53. 53 Where the Indian Insurance Sector Stands pages 296 to 301
   54. 54 Where an Insurance Dispute Is Decided pages 302 to 306

   Module II 31 chapters

   1. 55 The Nature of a Life Insurance Contract pages 307 to 311
   2. 56 The Events Insured, and the Factors Affecting Risk pages 312 to 316
   3. 57 The Principles of Life Insurance pages 317 to 321
   4. 58 Section 45: The Three Year Rule pages 322 to 328
   5. 59 The Scope and Objects of Life Insurance pages 329 to 333
   6. 60 Kinds of Life Policy pages 334 to 338
   7. 61 The Life Policy as Property pages 339 to 344
   8. 62 Premium, Lapse, Revival and Surrender Value pages 345 to 350
   9. 63 The Life Claim pages 351 to 356
   10. 64 Personal Accident Insurance pages 357 to 361
   11. 65 What Counts as an Accident pages 362 to 366
   12. 66 Health Insurance and Mediclaim pages 367 to 372
   13. 67 Sickness, Critical Illness and Group Health Cover pages 373 to 377
   14. 68 How a Health Claim Is Regulated pages 378 to 382
   15. 69 The Marine Insurance Act 1963 pages 383 to 388
   16. 70 What a Contract of Marine Insurance Is pages 389 to 393
   17. 71 Insurable Interest in Marine Insurance pages 394 to 400
   18. 72 Disclosure and Representation in Marine Insurance pages 401 to 406
   19. 73 The Marine Policy pages 407 to 413
   20. 74 Warranties in Marine Insurance pages 414 to 419
   21. 75 Seaworthiness and Cargoworthiness pages 420 to 425
   22. 76 The Voyage: Deviation and Delay pages 426 to 432
   23. 77 Assignment of a Marine Policy, and the Premium pages 433 to 437
   24. 78 Perils of the Sea pages 438 to 443
   25. 79 Total Loss and Abandonment pages 444 to 450
   26. 80 Particular Average, General Average and Salvage pages 451 to 457
   27. 81 The Measure of Indemnity pages 458 to 464
   28. 82 Subrogation, Contribution and Under Insurance at Sea pages 465 to 470
   29. 83 Hull, Cargo and Freight Insurance pages 471 to 476
   30. 84 The Institute Clauses and the Indian Market pages 477 to 482
   31. 85 Return of Premium, and the Closing Provisions pages 483 to 493

   Module III 15 chapters

   1. 86 Property Insurance, and What It Covers pages 494 to 499
   2. 87 Fire Insurance, and the Meaning of Fire pages 500 to 505
   3. 88 The Standard Fire and Special Perils Policy pages 506 to 512
   4. 89 The General Conditions of a Fire Policy pages 513 to 521
   5. 90 The Exclusions in a Fire Policy pages 522 to 527
   6. 91 Under Insurance, Average and Reinstatement pages 528 to 533
   7. 92 Earthquake, Flood and the STFI Group pages 534 to 538
   8. 93 Riot, Strike, Malicious Damage and Terrorism pages 539 to 544
   9. 94 Burglary and Theft Insurance pages 545 to 550
   10. 95 Accidental Loss and Damage, and the All Risks Form pages 551 to 555
   11. 96 The Bharat Products pages 556 to 562
   12. 97 Engineering and Machinery Insurance pages 563 to 567
   13. 98 Business Interruption Insurance pages 568 to 573
   14. 99 Crop, Cattle and Rural Property Insurance pages 574 to 579
   15. 100 The Property Claim, and the Surveyor pages 580 to 588

   Module IV 29 chapters

   1. 101 Liability Insurance pages 589 to 594
   2. 102 Contractual and Legal Liabilities pages 595 to 599
   3. 103 Accidents Arising under Tort: Negligence pages 600 to 605
   4. 104 Strict and Absolute Liability pages 606 to 611
   5. 105 Accidents Arising under Contract pages 612 to 617
   6. 106 Accident Policies pages 618 to 623
   7. 107 Assessment of Liability and Compensation pages 624 to 628
   8. 108 Contributory Negligence pages 629 to 634
   9. 109 Professional Negligence Insurance pages 635 to 640
   10. 110 Product and Public Liability at Common Law pages 641 to 646
   11. 111 Employee's Compensation under the Code pages 647 to 655
   12. 112 Employees' State Insurance under the Code pages 656 to 663
   13. 113 Modern Liability Covers pages 664 to 668
   14. 114 Compulsory Insurance pages 669 to 673
   15. 115 The Necessity for Motor Third Party Cover pages 674 to 679
   16. 116 What the Policy Must Cover pages 680 to 685
   17. 117 The Certificate of Insurance pages 686 to 691
   18. 118 The Third Party's Direct Right against the Insurer pages 692 to 698
   19. 119 The Insurer's Defences, and How the Courts Have Narrowed Them pages 699 to 706
   20. 120 The Motor Accident Claims Tribunal pages 707 to 711
   21. 121 The Powers, Procedure and Functions of the Tribunal pages 712 to 717
   22. 122 Who May Claim, and against Whom pages 718 to 724
   23. 123 Assessment of Compensation in a Fatal Claim pages 725 to 729
   24. 124 Assessment of Compensation for Injury pages 730 to 734
   25. 125 No Fault Liability and Section 164 pages 735 to 740
   26. 126 Hit and Run, the Golden Hour and the Fund pages 741 to 746
   27. 127 Public Liability Insurance: the Duty to Insure pages 747 to 753
   28. 128 Claiming under the Public Liability Insurance Act pages 754 to 762
   29. 129 The Other Statutory Compulsions pages 763 to 770
   Every paper that is solved: 7 papers

   • 2025-26
   • 2024-25
   • 2023
   • 2019
   • 2018
   • 2016
   • 2015

2. Banking Laws

   Official Notes munotes.in

   Banking Laws

   LL.M. · SEMESTER 3

   Strictly as per the University of Mumbai LL.M. syllabus in force

   For LL.M. students of the University of Mumbai and all its affiliated law colleges

   munotes.in Group 2 Business Law

   Banking Laws

   Copyright © 2026 munotes.in. All rights reserved.

   Written and first published by munotes.in, 2026.

   This book is for individual students to read at munotes.in. No part of it may be reproduced, distributed, stored, translated or used for institutional or classroom purposes in any form without a prior written licence from munotes.in.

   Licensing and permissions: contact@munotes.in

   The text of statutes and of judgments reproduced in this book is in the public domain under section 52(1)(q) of the Copyright Act 1957. The commentary, arrangement, examples and questions are the original work of munotes.in.

   munotes.in is an independent study resource for MU students. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or officially connected to the University of Mumbai. Course names and university references describe the students and syllabus the material relates to.

   Contents

   Module I

   1. What Banking Is 1
   2. How Banking Grew in India 6
   3. The Structure of the Indian Banking System 12
   4. What Banks Do, and the Multifunctional Bank 17
   5. The Banking Regulation Act: Scheme and Application 21
   6. Forms of Business and the Fences 26
   7. Licensing of Banks and Branches 32
   8. Capital, Management and the Limits on a Bank's Own Lending 38
   9. Accounts, Audit, Returns and Inspection 45
   10. The Reserve Bank's Power to Control a Bank 52
   11. When a Bank Fails: Moratorium and Winding Up 59
   12. Saving a Bank: Amalgamation and Reconstruction 68
   13. Protecting the Depositor 75
   14. Co-operative Banks under the Act 82
   15. Penalties and the Rest of the Act 88

   Module II

   1. Social Control over Banking 95
   2. Nationalisation of the Banks 100
   3. Priority Sector Lending and the Lead Bank Scheme 105

   Contents continued

   Module II continued

   1. Rural and Co-operative Credit: NABARD and the RRBs 111
   2. Deposit Insurance: the DICGC 117
   3. Financial Inclusion 123
   4. The Reserve Bank: Establishment, Capital and Management 128
   5. What the Reserve Bank Does: Its Functions 135
   6. Currency and Legal Tender 143
   7. The Issue Department and the Currency Chest 150
   8. Monetary Policy and Credit Control 157
   9. The Monetary Policy Committee 164
   10. Regulating the Non-Banking Sector 171
   11. Credit Information, Governance and Penalties 181

   Module III

   1. Who Is a Banker and Who Is a Customer 190
   2. The Special Relationships: Trustee, Agent and Bailee 197
   3. The Banker's Rights: Lien, Set-off and Appropriation 204
   4. The Banker's Duties: To Honour, and To Keep Secrets 212
   5. Garnishee Orders and the Attachment of Accounts 219
   6. Special Classes of Customer 225
   7. Deposit Accounts, the Passbook and Nomination 232

   Contents continued

   Module III continued

   1. The Customer's Remedies: Ombudsman and Consumer Protection 239
   2. What a Negotiable Instrument Is 246
   3. Cheques, Truncated and Electronic 254
   4. Holder, Holder in Due Course and the Presumptions 260
   5. Negotiation, Indorsement and Liability of the Parties 268
   6. Presentment, Acceptance and Payment 275
   7. Discharge, Material Alteration and Dishonour 283
   8. Crossing of Cheques 292
   9. Protection of the Paying and Collecting Banker 299
   10. Dishonour of a Cheque as an Offence 307
   11. Hundis, and the Rest of the Negotiable Instruments Act 317

   Module IV

   1. The Principles of Sound Lending 323
   2. Kinds of Lending: Cash Credit, Overdraft and Term Loans 329
   3. Securities for Advances 336
   4. Guarantees and Letters of Credit 343
   5. The Statutory Limits on Lending, and Interest 350
   6. Non-Performing Assets and the Defaulter 358
   7. Recovery before the Tribunals: the Debts Recovery Tribunal 366

   Contents continued

   Module IV continued

   1. The Recovery Application and the Rest of the RDB Act 374
   2. Enforcement without Court: SARFAESI 383
   3. SARFAESI: Companies, Registration, Priority and the Rest 393
   4. The Wider Recovery Map: Lok Adalats and the Insolvency Code 403
   5. Automation and Core Banking 411
   6. Electronic Banking: Internet, Mobile, ATM and Cards 417
   7. Payment Systems: RTGS, NEFT, IMPS and UPI 424
   8. Digital Money: the Digital Rupee and Cryptocurrency 430
   9. New Institutions: Payments Banks and Small Finance Banks 437
   10. Consolidation, Mergers and Ownership 443
   11. Frauds and Cybersecurity in Banking 450
   12. The Banking Laws (Amendment) Act 2025 457

   Page 1 onwards

   465 pages in this book. The cover and the contents are above. Everything from page one is in the pass.

   Notes

   2026 Edition, as per the latest syllabus. 465 pages.

   Papers

   Previous year question paper solutions. Revised edition 2026. 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2023, 2025, 2026

   Every chapter in the notes: 66 chapters across 4 modules

   Module I 15 chapters

   1. 1 What Banking Is pages 1 to 5
   2. 2 How Banking Grew in India pages 6 to 11
   3. 3 The Structure of the Indian Banking System pages 12 to 16
   4. 4 What Banks Do, and the Multifunctional Bank pages 17 to 20
   5. 5 The Banking Regulation Act: Scheme and Application pages 21 to 25
   6. 6 Forms of Business and the Fences pages 26 to 31
   7. 7 Licensing of Banks and Branches pages 32 to 37
   8. 8 Capital, Management and the Limits on a Bank's Own Lending pages 38 to 44
   9. 9 Accounts, Audit, Returns and Inspection pages 45 to 51
   10. 10 The Reserve Bank's Power to Control a Bank pages 52 to 58
   11. 11 When a Bank Fails: Moratorium and Winding Up pages 59 to 67
   12. 12 Saving a Bank: Amalgamation and Reconstruction pages 68 to 74
   13. 13 Protecting the Depositor pages 75 to 81
   14. 14 Co-operative Banks under the Act pages 82 to 87
   15. 15 Penalties and the Rest of the Act pages 88 to 94

   Module II 14 chapters

   1. 16 Social Control over Banking pages 95 to 99
   2. 17 Nationalisation of the Banks pages 100 to 104
   3. 18 Priority Sector Lending and the Lead Bank Scheme pages 105 to 110
   4. 19 Rural and Co-operative Credit: NABARD and the RRBs pages 111 to 116
   5. 20 Deposit Insurance: the DICGC pages 117 to 122
   6. 21 Financial Inclusion pages 123 to 127
   7. 22 The Reserve Bank: Establishment, Capital and Management pages 128 to 134
   8. 23 What the Reserve Bank Does: Its Functions pages 135 to 142
   9. 24 Currency and Legal Tender pages 143 to 149
   10. 25 The Issue Department and the Currency Chest pages 150 to 156
   11. 26 Monetary Policy and Credit Control pages 157 to 163
   12. 27 The Monetary Policy Committee pages 164 to 170
   13. 28 Regulating the Non-Banking Sector pages 171 to 180
   14. 29 Credit Information, Governance and Penalties pages 181 to 189

   Module III 18 chapters

   1. 30 Who Is a Banker and Who Is a Customer pages 190 to 196
   2. 31 The Special Relationships: Trustee, Agent and Bailee pages 197 to 203
   3. 32 The Banker's Rights: Lien, Set-off and Appropriation pages 204 to 211
   4. 33 The Banker's Duties: To Honour, and To Keep Secrets pages 212 to 218
   5. 34 Garnishee Orders and the Attachment of Accounts pages 219 to 224
   6. 35 Special Classes of Customer pages 225 to 231
   7. 36 Deposit Accounts, the Passbook and Nomination pages 232 to 238
   8. 37 The Customer's Remedies: Ombudsman and Consumer Protection pages 239 to 245
   9. 38 What a Negotiable Instrument Is pages 246 to 253
   10. 39 Cheques, Truncated and Electronic pages 254 to 259
   11. 40 Holder, Holder in Due Course and the Presumptions pages 260 to 267
   12. 41 Negotiation, Indorsement and Liability of the Parties pages 268 to 274
   13. 42 Presentment, Acceptance and Payment pages 275 to 282
   14. 43 Discharge, Material Alteration and Dishonour pages 283 to 291
   15. 44 Crossing of Cheques pages 292 to 298
   16. 45 Protection of the Paying and Collecting Banker pages 299 to 306
   17. 46 Dishonour of a Cheque as an Offence pages 307 to 316
   18. 47 Hundis, and the Rest of the Negotiable Instruments Act pages 317 to 322

   Module IV 19 chapters

   1. 48 The Principles of Sound Lending pages 323 to 328
   2. 49 Kinds of Lending: Cash Credit, Overdraft and Term Loans pages 329 to 335
   3. 50 Securities for Advances pages 336 to 342
   4. 51 Guarantees and Letters of Credit pages 343 to 349
   5. 52 The Statutory Limits on Lending, and Interest pages 350 to 357
   6. 53 Non-Performing Assets and the Defaulter pages 358 to 365
   7. 54 Recovery before the Tribunals: the Debts Recovery Tribunal pages 366 to 373
   8. 55 The Recovery Application and the Rest of the RDB Act pages 374 to 382
   9. 56 Enforcement without Court: SARFAESI pages 383 to 392
   10. 57 SARFAESI: Companies, Registration, Priority and the Rest pages 393 to 402
   11. 58 The Wider Recovery Map: Lok Adalats and the Insolvency Code pages 403 to 410
   12. 59 Automation and Core Banking pages 411 to 416
   13. 60 Electronic Banking: Internet, Mobile, ATM and Cards pages 417 to 423
   14. 61 Payment Systems: RTGS, NEFT, IMPS and UPI pages 424 to 429
   15. 62 Digital Money: the Digital Rupee and Cryptocurrency pages 430 to 436
   16. 63 New Institutions: Payments Banks and Small Finance Banks pages 437 to 442
   17. 64 Consolidation, Mergers and Ownership pages 443 to 449
   18. 65 Frauds and Cybersecurity in Banking pages 450 to 456
   19. 66 The Banking Laws (Amendment) Act 2025 pages 457 to 465
   Every paper that is solved: 7 papers

   • 2025-26
   • 2024-25
   • 2023
   • 2019
   • 2018
   • 2016
   • 2015

Questions