LLM Group 1 Constitutional and Administrative Law Constitutionalism Pluralism and Federalism Solved Question Papers with Answers 2015 to 2026 - Mumbai University | munotes

Constitutionalism: Pluralism and Federalism is Paper I of LLM Group I, subject code 76013, and the count of papers in this folder is not the count of files. Five files hold seven distinct printed papers, because two of the scans carry two complete and different papers each. The 2016 file holds Q.P. Code 307701 on page one and Q.P. Code 11757 on page two. The three page 2019 file holds Q.P. Code 50548 on page one, footed "1 of 1", and form 81934 on pages two and three, the third page being form 81934's Marathi translation rather than a separate paper. The other three files are single papers: Q.P. Code 12192 in 2015, Q.P. Code 25921 in 2018 and form 04605, sat on 27 February 2026.

Five of the seven papers are the same shape: eight questions, attempt any four, all questions carry equal marks, 100 marks in three hours, with 25 printed against each question. Two are not, and both differences change how you sit the paper. Form 81934 sets eight questions with no choice at all, every one compulsory and equal, which works out at 12.5 marks each and is the only paper in the folder that also prints an instruction to cite relevant case laws. Form 04605 sets seven questions rather than eight, states in its instruction line that each carries 25 marks, and prints every question in English and Marathi on the same line.

There is exactly one set of five topics that covers at least four questions on all seven papers, and four is the number a candidate has to answer. It is federalism, the uniform civil code, the right to equality with the doctrine of classification, judicial review, and minority rights. That was checked question by question rather than estimated, and no set of four topics does it. The warning that goes with it is that on five of the seven papers those five topics cover exactly four questions and no more, so there is no margin for a topic you have prepared badly.

Counted paper by paper, federalism is in all seven. The uniform civil code and the equality question are in six each. Judicial review is in five. Protections for backward classes, women and Scheduled Tribes, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and minority rights are in four each. Secularism is in three, the rule of law in two. Everything else, including the basic structure, freedom of religion and the press, and pluralism as a topic in its own right, appears once.

The examiner reuses whole stems word for word, which makes reading two papers from different years worth more than reading two pages of the same file. "Equating equals with unequals is nothing but to perpetuate inequality" is set in five of the seven papers in identical words. The uniform civil code question appears in six, in two fixed phrasings that differ only in word order. "Judicial Review is the corner stone and one of the essential features of the Indian Constitution" appears in three. The repetition also runs inside a single scan: the two 2016 papers both set the uniform civil code, both set the equating equals quotation and both set a note on the right of self-determination, and the two 2019 papers both set the uniform civil code and both set a note on the abolition of untouchability.

The 2025-26 paper breaks the pattern completely and a candidate preparing only from the older papers would have recognised nothing on it. Not one of the recurring stems appears. It is the only paper in the folder to use the words constitutionalism, asymmetrical and compensatory discrimination; the only one to name Delhi, the Sixth Schedule and Australia; the only one to ask for minority protection under two named international instruments, the Universal Declaration and the Convention against Genocide; and the only one to ask for a three way comparison rather than the India and United States comparison the older papers set. Read it first, not last.

Several of the recurring questions are now answered differently from how they would have been when these papers were set, and the answers here are written to the current law. Aligarh Muslim University v. Naresh Agarwal, decided 8 November 2024, overruled S. Azeez Basha and changed the test for minority character. State of Punjab v. Davinder Singh, decided 1 August 2024, overruled E.V. Chinnaiah and permits sub classification within the Scheduled Castes. Mineral Area Development Authority v. Steel Authority of India, decided 25 July 2024, overruled India Cement on the States' power to tax mineral rights. Uttarakhand's uniform civil code came into force on 27 January 2025 and Gujarat passed its own on 24 March 2026, so the uniform civil code question is no longer hypothetical. And In Re Article 370, decided 11 December 2023, settled the Jammu and Kashmir question that two of these papers set as a short note, while the statehood it directed has still not been restored.

These are model answers prepared by munotes. They are a study aid and not official University answer keys, which the University of Mumbai does not publish.