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October 2025
Previous Year Question Paper with Solution
BSc IT · Sem VI
October 2025 - Principles of Geographic Information System Examination
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BSc IT Sem VI October 2025 Principles of Geographic Information System Question Paper with Solutions
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First published on munotes.in on 5 November 2026.
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Model answers written and edited by the munotes.in editorial desk.
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The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by the University of Mumbai at the October 2025 - Principles of Geographic Information System examination.
Contents
The questions below are the paper as the University of Mumbai set it at the October 2025 - Principles of Geographic Information System examination, in the order it was set.
MarksPage
MarksPage
The Paper as Set
The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the October 2025 - Principles of Geographic Information System examination, reproduced as the University of Mumbai set them, in the order it set them. Nothing has been reworded, added or left out. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.
Duration 2½ hours · Total marks 75 · 30 questions answered
How to use this volume
Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.
SECTION I
1.
Attempt any three of the following · 15 Marks
a.Define GIS. How data capture and preparation is done in GIS?[5]
Answer
For full marks, cover: a definition of GIS with its parts, data capture (from where, and how), data preparation (the steps that make data usable), a worked check of georeferencing accuracy, and a short project example.
Definition
A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer-based system for capturing, storing, querying, analysing and displaying geospatial data. Geospatial data is data linked to locations on the Earth. Its parts are hardware, software, data, people and methods. What sets it apart from other information systems is that every record knows where it is, so data can be combined and analysed by location.
Data capture: getting data into the GIS
Data comes in by two routes:
- Direct (primary) capture: measuring the real world. Ground survey with total stations, satellite positioning (GNSS), satellite and aerial images, drone photographs and laser scanning (LiDAR).
- Indirect (secondary) capture: using what others have already made. Scanning and digitising paper maps, typing in tables and addresses, or importing data from mapping agencies and open sources.
Data preparation: making the data usable
Captured data is rarely ready for analysis. Preparation follows these steps:
- Georeferencing: a scanned map or image is tied to real-world coordinates using control points.
- Error checks and repair: lines that stop short of a junction or run past it are fixed. So are duplicate features, unclosed polygons and wrong labels.
- Building topology: lines are linked at nodes and polygons to their boundaries, so connections and neighbours are known.
- Transformation: every layer is brought into one coordinate system and projection.
- Combining sources: edges of neighbouring map sheets are matched, and layers are adjusted to fit one another.
- Attribute work: codes are checked, units made uniform, and tables joined to features.
- Interpolation and generalisation: point measurements become surfaces, and detail is reduced to suit the scale.
Worked figure: checking a georeference
A scanned ward map is georeferenced with three control points. After the transformation, the points miss their true positions by 0.5 m, 1.0 m and 1.5 m.
- Squares: 0.25 + 1.00 + 2.25 = 3.5.
- Mean square = 3.5 / 3, about 1.167.
- Root mean square error = square root of 1.167, about 1.08 m.
If the project needs 2 m accuracy, the georeference is accepted; otherwise more control points are added.
Example
A municipality maps its storm drains. Field staff record manholes with GNSS (direct capture), and old drain plans are scanned and digitised (indirect capture). The plans are georeferenced, digitised lines are snapped to manholes, topology is built, and all layers are put into one projection. Only then can the drain network be analysed for flooding.
Conclusion. A GIS is a computer-based system that captures, stores, queries, analyses and displays data linked to locations. Data is captured directly by survey, GNSS, imagery and LiDAR, or indirectly from maps, tables and existing datasets. It is then prepared by georeferencing, error repair, topology building, transformation, combining sources and attribute checks. The worked georeference has an error of about 1.08 m.
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