Master of Law (LL.M.) Group 4 Human Rights Law Protection and Enforcements of Human Rights 2025-26 Question Paper - Mumbai University | munotes

Questions asked in this paper

1. 1. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights has been recognized as a model code. our Constitution guarantees fundamental rights which are in consonance with it. While some fundamental rights are available only to citizens, others like Article 14 and Article 21 are available to all persons, whether citizens or foreigners." Discuss this statement in the light of Chairman, Railway Board v. Chandrima Das, (2000) 2 SCC 465 case in India. 25 marks
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2. 2. According to Justice Bhagwati, "PIL is a strategic arm of the legal aid movement which is intended to bring justice within the reach of the poor masses, who constitute the low visibility area of humanity, a totally different kind of litigation from the ordinary traditional litigation." Elaborate the notion of judicial activism in the development of human rights jurisprudence in India in light of above statement. 25 marks
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3. 3. Critically analyze the role Special Courts and Statutory Tribunals in the protection and promotion of human rights in India with the help of recent incidences of violation of human rights in India. 25 marks
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4. 4. Examine the constitutional validity of the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 (AFSPA) in light of allegations regarding systemic human rights violations. Discuss the safeguards laid down by the Supreme Court in Naga People's Movement for Human Rights v. Union of India, (1998) 2 SCC 109 in India. 25 marks
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5. 5. Evaluate the impact of large scale infrastructure projects on indigenous communities in India? Also discuss how far the involuntary displacement affects their basic human rights with the help of examples in India. 25 marks
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6. 6. Discuss in detail India's ratification of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) that has shaped its domestic legislative framework. Discuss the provisions with respect to the protection of rights of children that directly reflect these international standards in Indian Legal System. 25 marks
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7. 7. Write Short Notes (Any Two) 25 marks
   • (a) Contribution of Directive principles of state policies in the promotion of human rights
   • (b) Indian societal responses towards ideology or philosophy of Human rights
   • (c) Role of State Human Rights Commission under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993
   • (d) Role of Civil and Criminal Courts
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