LL.B. (Five Years) Sem 6 Environmental Laws Oct 2026 ATKT 60/40 Question Paper - Mumbai University | munotes

Questions asked in this paper

SECTION I - Answer in not more than two sentences (any 6 of 10) 12 Marks

1. Q1 Define "Pollutant" under the Environment Protection Act.
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2. Q2 Define global warming.
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3. Q3 State any two functions of the State Pollution Control Board.
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4. Q4 State two objectives of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
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5. Q5 Explain the meaning of the public trust doctrine.
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6. Q6 Define 'environment' under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
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7. Q7 The 42nd Amendment, 1976 added which two articles related to the environment to the Constitution of India?
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8. Q8 What is Environmental Impact Assessment?
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9. Q9 Define biomedical waste.
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10. Q10 Define sustainable development.
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SECTION II - Write short notes on the following (any 2 of 4) 12 Marks

1. Q11 Taj Trapezium Zone case.
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2. Q12 Public Interest Litigation in Environmental Matters.
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3. Q13 Liabilities of polluter under the Law of Torts.
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4. Q14 Stockholm Conference.
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SECTION III - Answer the following (any 2 of 4) 12 Marks

1. Q15 XYZ residential colony was celebrating New Year's Eve on the building terrace. They played music till 11.00 P.M. The residents of the adjoining building are not able to sleep. (i) To whom can the residents address an official complaint? (ii) What are the restrictions on the use of loudspeakers/ Public Address System? Explain.
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2. Q16 Mr. X, has been throwing his household waste on the adjoining plot of land near his house. This has led to foul odour and an increase in flies and insects in the colony. The other members of the colony want to take legal action against Mr. X. (i) What legal remedies are available to the members of the colony? (ii) Can the residents approach the Pollution Control Boards to take action against Mr. X? Explain.
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3. Q17 A pesticide company stores hazardous chemicals in an unsafe manner, leading to leakage of toxic gas into the nearby residential area. Many people suffered serious health issues, and the environment is severely affected. It was found that the company did not follow the safety guidelines prescribed by the central government. The authorities initiated action after public outrage and media attention. The incident raises concerns about environmental safety and industrial regulation. (i) How does the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, apply to this situation? (ii) What penalties and preventive measures can be imposed under the Act?
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4. Q18 A chemical factory located near a river discharges untreated waste into the river. The villagers downstream start facing serious health issues, and their crops are damaged due to polluted irrigation water. The factory did not obtain consent from the State Pollution Control Board before starting operations. Despite repeated complaints, the pollution continues. The authorities conduct an inspection and find a violation of prescribed standards. The river water becomes unfit for drinking and agricultural use. (i) What provisions of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, are violated in this case? (ii) What legal remedies are available to the affected villagers?
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SECTION IV - Answer the following (any 2 of 4) 24 Marks

1. Q19 Elucidate, with the help of case laws, the constitutional framework of environmental protection in India.
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2. Q20 Discuss the powers and functions of the Central Pollution Control Board under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
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3. Q21 Explain the procedure for sampling under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974.
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4. Q22 Examine how Public Interest Litigation (PIL) helps in the enforcement of environmental laws.
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