LL.B. (Five Years) Sem 6 Environmental Laws Jun 2026 75/25 Question Paper - Mumbai University | munotes

Questions asked in this paper

SECTION I - Answer in not more than two sentences (any 6 of 8) 12 Marks

1. Q1 What is global warming?
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2. Q2 Explain climate change in one sentence.
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3. Q3 What is meant by environmental pollution?
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4. Q4 Define Environmental Law.
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5. Q5 What is Public Interest Litigation (PIL)?
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6. Q6 What is Judicial Activism in environmental protection?
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7. Q7 What is the function of the Central Pollution Control Board?
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8. Q8 What is meant by Environmental Impact Assessment?
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SECTION II - Write Short Notes on (any 2 of 4) 12 Marks

1. Q9 Constitutional provisions relating to the environment.
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2. Q10 Kinds of Pollution.
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3. Q11 Intergenerational and Intragenerational Equity.
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4. Q12 Eco-mark Scheme in India.
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SECTION III - Solve Any Two (With Reason) (any 2 of 4) 12 Marks

1. Q13 In a busy city area, old diesel vehicles release excessive smoke daily. Residents complain about breathing problems and increased pollution levels. The authorities have rules for emission control, but enforcement is weak. A local NGO wants to take action to control the pollution. They plan to file a case in court for public welfare. (i) Which Act deals with this issue? (ii) What principle can be applied to hold violators responsible?
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2. Q14 A construction company starts cutting trees in a forest area to build a commercial complex. They have not taken proper approval from the authorities. Local people protest as the forest is home to wildlife and helps maintain ecological balance. Environmental activists highlight the long-term damage. The matter is brought before a tribunal. (i) Which laws are violated in this case? (ii) Which authority can hear and decide this matter?
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3. Q15 During a festival, loudspeakers are used throughout the night in a residential area. Students and elderly people face disturbances and health issues. Despite complaints, organisers continue to play loud music beyond permitted hours. Police warn them, but no strict action is taken. Residents want legal protection against such disturbances. (i) Which rules regulate this issue? (ii) What right of citizens is being affected?
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4. Q16 A hospital disposes of its biomedical waste in open land instead of following proper procedures. Ragpickers and animals come in contact with the waste, leading to serious health risks. Residents complain about foul smells and infections. Authorities inspect the site and find violations. The hospital claims ignorance of the rules. (i) Which rules are applicable here? (ii) What penalty or action can be taken against the hospital?
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SECTION IV - Answer in Detail (any 3 of 5) 39 Marks

1. Q17 Discuss the application of general laws such as Tort Law, the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, and the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita in environmental protection.
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2. Q18 Explain the international efforts for environmental protection with reference to the Stockholm Conference, Rio Declaration, and Johannesburg Declaration.
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3. Q19 Discuss the important environmental principles such as the Sustainable Development, Polluter Pays Principle, Precautionary Principle, and Public Trust Doctrine.
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4. Q20 Critically examine the provisions of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
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5. Q21 Discuss the salient features of the Environment Protection Act, 1986 and explain the role and powers of the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010.
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