LLM Group 4 Human Rights Law Concepts and Development of Human Rights Solved Question Papers with Answers - Mumbai University | munotes

This folder holds one paper, the sitting of 27 February 2026, printed on form 04811 under subject code 76016 as Paper I of Group IV. It sets seven questions, of which four are to be attempted, and the last of the seven offers four short notes from which two are to be written, so the paper really contains eleven items. No figure is printed against any question: the 100 marks, the choice of four and the direction that all questions carry equal marks force 25 a question, and that is where the marks in these answers come from.

The organising idea of this paper is the generational scheme, and knowing it converts three separate questions into one piece of preparation. Question 6 asks for the significance of the THIRD generation, short note (a) for the significance of the FIRST in daily life, and short note (d) for the historical development of the SECOND. Three of the eleven items are therefore Karel Vasak's classification, which he set out in the UNESCO Courier in November 1977 and built on the three terms of the French revolutionary motto. Learn liberte, egalite and fraternite as a single answer and you have covered three of the places this paper can hit you.

Question 3 looks like it belongs on another paper. It asks about the challenges faced by consumers in India and the measures to overcome them, on a paper otherwise entirely about human rights theory. It is not a mistake. Consumer protection is the applied form of the second generation right to an adequate standard of living in Article 25 of the Universal Declaration and Article 11 of the Covenant of 1966, and the United Nations legislated for it directly in the Guidelines for Consumer Protection adopted by Resolution 39/248 in 1985 and revised by Resolution 70/186 in 2015. Answer it through those instruments and the six rights in section 2(9) of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, not as commercial law.

Two of the seven questions are about the same instrument from opposite directions. Question 4 asks you to elaborate the rights in the Universal Declaration with special reference to civil and political rights, and question 1 asks what prevents the universality those rights claim. The most useful single preparation for both is the structure Rene Cassin gave the Declaration, the portico with its foundation in Articles 1 and 2, four columns in Articles 3 to 11, 12 to 17, 18 to 21 and 22 to 27, and the pediment in Articles 28 to 30, together with paragraph 5 of the Vienna Declaration of 25 June 1993, which is where the universality argument was actually settled.

These are model answers prepared by munotes. They are a study aid and not official University answer keys, which the University of Mumbai does not publish.