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BNSS and CrPC
Previous Year Question Paper with Solution
LLB 3 years · Sem 5
Dec 2025 - BNSS 75/25 Examination
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LLB 3 years Sem 5 BNSS and CrPC Dec 2025 - BNSS 75/25 Question Paper with Solutions
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First published on munotes.in on 29 September 2026.
Published by munotes.in, Mumbai.
Model answers written and edited by the munotes.in editorial desk.
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The University does not publish an official answer key for this paper. The answers in this volume are model answers, written to show how a full-mark answer is built. They are a study aid, not an authority on what an examiner marked.
The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by the University of Mumbai at the Dec 2025 - BNSS 75/25 examination.
This paper was set on the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, and its answers are written on the Code the questions name. The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 repealed the Code on 1 July 2024, though cases begun before that date still run under it, and the Sanhita papers sit in the same folder; a reader preparing for them should check every section number and every time limit against the Sanhita. Two further things are corrected silently throughout. Where the printed header names the Juvenile Justice Act, 2000, which was repealed on 15 January 2016, the answers are on the Act of 2015 as amended in 2021. And the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958, whose own Section 2(a) still defines the Code as that of 1898, is read today with the Code of 1973.
Contents
The questions below are the paper as the University of Mumbai set it at the Dec 2025 - BNSS 75/25 examination, in the order it was set.
MarksPage
MarksPage
The Paper as Set
The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the Dec 2025 - BNSS 75/25 examination, reproduced as the University of Mumbai set them, in the order it set them. Nothing has been reworded, added or left out. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.
Duration 2½ hours · Total marks 75 · 21 questions answered
How to use this volume
Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.
Q.No.1
Q.No.1: Answer any six in two sentences
any 6 of 8 · 12 Marks
(a)Explain the object of Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023.[2]
Answer
The long title states the object. The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 is "An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to Criminal Procedure". It is Act 46 of 2023. It received assent on 25 December 2023 and came into force on 1 July 2024. By section 531(1) it repeals the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.
The name states the aim. "Nagarik Suraksha" means the security of the citizen. The old title spoke of a Code of Procedure. The new one speaks of protecting the citizen. That shift of emphasis is the object the Sanhita claims for itself.
The working objects, read from the provisions themselves. These are the five to name.
- Speed. A time limit at every stage. Ninety days to report progress to the victim (section 193(3)(ii)). Sixty days to apply for discharge (section 250(1)) and sixty to frame a charge (section 251(1)(b)). Thirty days for judgment, extendable to forty-five (section 258(1)).
- Access. A Zero FIR at any police station and an e-FIR by electronic communication (section 173(1)). A free copy of the FIR as of right (section 173(2)).
- Technology. Audio-video electronic means defined in section 2(1)(a). Trials and proceedings in electronic mode under section 530. Compulsory recording of search and seizure under section 105.
- The victim. Progress reports, documents for the victim's advocate, a hearing before withdrawal of prosecution, compensation and free treatment.
- Decongesting prisons. Section 479 releases an undertrial at one half of the maximum sentence, and at one third for a first-time offender.
The constitutional object behind it. In Hussainara Khatoon v. State of Bihar, (1980) 1 SCC 98, the Supreme Court found undertrials in Bihar jails held for longer than the maximum sentence for their offence. It held that a speedy trial is part of the right to life and personal liberty under Article 21. In Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, (1978) 1 SCC 248, the Court held that a procedure which takes away liberty must be fair, just and reasonable. The Sanhita's time limits are an attempt to give those holdings a statutory shape.
Conclusion. The object is a faster and more transparent criminal process. It treats the victim as a party, and it runs on electronic records. Whether it is achieved is another matter. The Sanhita attaches no consequence to a missed time limit, and the forensic duty in section 176(3) may be postponed for five years.
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