LL.B. 3 Years Semester 5: Notes and Solved Previous Year Question Papers 2026

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1. Criminal Procedure Code Juvenile Justice and POCSO (Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023)

   Official Notes munotes.in

   Criminal Procedure Code Juvenile Justice and POCSO (Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023)

   LL.B. 3 YEARS · SEMESTER 5

   Strictly as per the revised CBCS syllabus of the University of Mumbai, as amended in 2024 for the new criminal laws

   For students of the University of Mumbai and all its affiliated law colleges

   munotes.in Third Year

   Criminal Procedure Code Juvenile Justice and POCSO (Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023)

   Copyright © 2026 munotes.in. All rights reserved.

   Written and first published by munotes.in, 2026.

   This book is for individual students to read at munotes.in. No part of it may be reproduced, distributed, stored, translated or used for institutional or classroom purposes in any form without a prior written licence from munotes.in.

   Licensing and permissions: contact@munotes.in

   The text of statutes and of judgments reproduced in this book is in the public domain under section 52(1)(q) of the Copyright Act 1957. The commentary, arrangement, examples and questions are the original work of munotes.in.

   munotes.in is an independent study resource for MU students. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or officially connected to the University of Mumbai. Course names and university references describe the students and syllabus the material relates to.

   Contents

   Module I

   1. The Code That Replaced the Code 1
   2. Definitions under the Sanhita 8
   3. Classes of Criminal Courts 14
   4. Executive Magistrates 21
   5. Public Prosecutors and the Directorate of Prosecution 27
   6. Which Court May Try What, and What It May Impose 33
   7. Conferring and Withdrawing the Powers of a Court 39
   8. Powers of Superior Police Officers, and Aid to the Magistrates 43
   9. When the Police May Arrest Without a Warrant 49
   10. Arrest by a Private Person, by a Magistrate, and on Refusal to Give a Name 57
   11. How an Arrest Is Actually Made 63
   12. The Rights of an Arrested Person 71
   13. Search, Seizure and Medical Examination After an Arrest 78
   14. Summons 85
   15. Warrants of Arrest 91
   16. Proclamation and Attachment of Property 98
   17. Rules Common to Summons and Warrants 105
   18. Summons to Produce, and the Search Warrant 109
   19. How a Search Is Conducted, and What May Be Seized 116

   Contents continued

   Module I continued

   1. Reciprocal Arrangements for Assistance 124
   2. Security for Keeping the Peace and for Good Behaviour 132
   3. The Security Inquiry and What Follows It 138
   4. Maintenance of Wives, Children and Parents 147
   5. Dispersal of an Unlawful Assembly 155
   6. Public Nuisance and the Conditional Order 161
   7. Urgent Orders in Cases of Nuisance or Apprehended Danger 168
   8. Disputes About Land and Water 175
   9. Preventive Action of the Police 182
   10. The First Information Report 186
   11. The Powers of the Investigating Officer 195
   12. Remand, Default Bail and the Police Report 205
   13. Inquests and Inquiry into the Cause of Death 213
   14. Where a Case May Be Inquired Into and Tried 219
   15. Cognizance of Offences 226
   16. When Cognizance Is Barred, and Sanction Is Needed 231
   17. Complaints to Magistrates 239
   18. Issue of Process and Supply of Documents 245

   Contents continued

   Module II

   1. The Charge, and What It Must Contain 252
   2. Joinder of Charges 258
   3. Trial Before a Court of Session 265
   4. Trial of Warrant Cases on a Police Report 272
   5. Trial of Warrant Cases Otherwise Than on a Police Report 277
   6. Trial of Summons Cases 283
   7. Summary Trials 289

   Module III

   1. Plea Bargaining 294
   2. Attendance of Persons Confined in Prison 301
   3. How Evidence Is Recorded 306
   4. Commissions for the Examination of Witnesses 313
   5. Evidence That Needs No Formal Proof 319
   6. Double Jeopardy, and Who May Conduct the Prosecution 327
   7. Tender of Pardon to an Accomplice 334
   8. The Court's General Powers During a Trial 341
   9. Trial in the Absence of the Accused 349
   10. Compounding of Offences, and Withdrawal from Prosecution 356
   11. When a Magistrate Cannot Dispose of the Case 363

   Contents continued

   Module III continued

   1. An Accused of Unsound Mind 370
   2. Offences Affecting the Administration of Justice 379
   3. The Judgment 388
   4. Compensation to Victims, and to the Wrongly Accused 396
   5. Confirmation of a Death Sentence 405
   6. Who May Appeal, and Against What 410
   7. How an Appeal Is Heard and Decided 418
   8. Reference to the High Court 427
   9. Revision 431
   10. Transfer of Criminal Cases 438
   11. Execution of Sentences 445
   12. Mercy, Remission and Commutation 453
   13. Bail in Bailable and in Non-Bailable Offences 460
   14. Anticipatory Bail, and the Special Powers of the Higher Courts 469
   15. Bonds, Sureties and Forfeiture 475
   16. Disposal of Property 483
   17. Irregular Proceedings 491
   18. Limitation for Taking Cognizance 498

   Contents continued

   Module III continued

   1. The Miscellaneous Chapter, and the Inherent Power of the High Court 504

   Module IV

   1. The Juvenile Justice Act: Object, Scheme and Application 510
   2. Who Is a Child: the Definitions 516
   3. The General Principles 524
   4. The Juvenile Justice Board 530
   5. Apprehension, Bail and the First Steps 538
   6. Inquiry by the Board and the Preliminary Assessment 546
   7. Orders the Board May Pass 552
   8. The Children's Court, and the Child Who Turns Twenty-One 559
   9. The Child Welfare Committee 566
   10. The Child in Need of Care and Protection 573
   11. Rehabilitation and Social Re-integration 581
   12. The Institutions 589
   13. Adoption 597
   14. The Adoption Agencies and the Authority 605
   15. Offences Against Children 612
   16. How Those Offences Are Tried 620

   Contents continued

   Module IV continued

   1. Age, Appeals and Revision 625
   2. The Machinery: Fund, Police and Monitoring 634
   3. The POCSO Act: Object, Scheme and Definitions 640
   4. Penetrative Sexual Assault and Its Aggravated Form 646
   5. Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment 653
   6. Using a Child for Pornographic Purposes 659
   7. Abetment and Attempt 665
   8. Reporting a POCSO Offence 670
   9. Recording the Child's Statement and Medical Examination 677
   10. The Special Court and the Presumptions 682
   11. How a Special Court Conducts the Trial 688
   12. The Miscellaneous Chapter of POCSO 695

   Page 1 onwards

   700 pages in this book. The cover and the contents are above. Everything from page one is in the pass.

   Notes

   2026 Edition, as per the latest syllabus. 700 pages.

   Papers

   Previous year question paper solutions. Revised edition 2026. 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026

   Every chapter in the notes: 102 chapters across 4 modules

   Module I 37 chapters

   1. 1 The Code That Replaced the Code pages 1 to 7
   2. 2 Definitions under the Sanhita pages 8 to 13
   3. 3 Classes of Criminal Courts pages 14 to 20
   4. 4 Executive Magistrates pages 21 to 26
   5. 5 Public Prosecutors and the Directorate of Prosecution pages 27 to 32
   6. 6 Which Court May Try What, and What It May Impose pages 33 to 38
   7. 7 Conferring and Withdrawing the Powers of a Court pages 39 to 42
   8. 8 Powers of Superior Police Officers, and Aid to the Magistrates pages 43 to 48
   9. 9 When the Police May Arrest Without a Warrant pages 49 to 56
   10. 10 Arrest by a Private Person, by a Magistrate, and on Refusal to Give a Name pages 57 to 62
   11. 11 How an Arrest Is Actually Made pages 63 to 70
   12. 12 The Rights of an Arrested Person pages 71 to 77
   13. 13 Search, Seizure and Medical Examination After an Arrest pages 78 to 84
   14. 14 Summons pages 85 to 90
   15. 15 Warrants of Arrest pages 91 to 97
   16. 16 Proclamation and Attachment of Property pages 98 to 104
   17. 17 Rules Common to Summons and Warrants pages 105 to 108
   18. 18 Summons to Produce, and the Search Warrant pages 109 to 115
   19. 19 How a Search Is Conducted, and What May Be Seized pages 116 to 123
   20. 20 Reciprocal Arrangements for Assistance pages 124 to 131
   21. 21 Security for Keeping the Peace and for Good Behaviour pages 132 to 137
   22. 22 The Security Inquiry and What Follows It pages 138 to 146
   23. 23 Maintenance of Wives, Children and Parents pages 147 to 154
   24. 24 Dispersal of an Unlawful Assembly pages 155 to 160
   25. 25 Public Nuisance and the Conditional Order pages 161 to 167
   26. 26 Urgent Orders in Cases of Nuisance or Apprehended Danger pages 168 to 174
   27. 27 Disputes About Land and Water pages 175 to 181
   28. 28 Preventive Action of the Police pages 182 to 185
   29. 29 The First Information Report pages 186 to 194
   30. 30 The Powers of the Investigating Officer pages 195 to 204
   31. 31 Remand, Default Bail and the Police Report pages 205 to 212
   32. 32 Inquests and Inquiry into the Cause of Death pages 213 to 218
   33. 33 Where a Case May Be Inquired Into and Tried pages 219 to 225
   34. 34 Cognizance of Offences pages 226 to 230
   35. 35 When Cognizance Is Barred, and Sanction Is Needed pages 231 to 238
   36. 36 Complaints to Magistrates pages 239 to 244
   37. 37 Issue of Process and Supply of Documents pages 245 to 251

   Module II 7 chapters

   1. 38 The Charge, and What It Must Contain pages 252 to 257
   2. 39 Joinder of Charges pages 258 to 264
   3. 40 Trial Before a Court of Session pages 265 to 271
   4. 41 Trial of Warrant Cases on a Police Report pages 272 to 276
   5. 42 Trial of Warrant Cases Otherwise Than on a Police Report pages 277 to 282
   6. 43 Trial of Summons Cases pages 283 to 288
   7. 44 Summary Trials pages 289 to 293

   Module III 30 chapters

   1. 45 Plea Bargaining pages 294 to 300
   2. 46 Attendance of Persons Confined in Prison pages 301 to 305
   3. 47 How Evidence Is Recorded pages 306 to 312
   4. 48 Commissions for the Examination of Witnesses pages 313 to 318
   5. 49 Evidence That Needs No Formal Proof pages 319 to 326
   6. 50 Double Jeopardy, and Who May Conduct the Prosecution pages 327 to 333
   7. 51 Tender of Pardon to an Accomplice pages 334 to 340
   8. 52 The Court's General Powers During a Trial pages 341 to 348
   9. 53 Trial in the Absence of the Accused pages 349 to 355
   10. 54 Compounding of Offences, and Withdrawal from Prosecution pages 356 to 362
   11. 55 When a Magistrate Cannot Dispose of the Case pages 363 to 369
   12. 56 An Accused of Unsound Mind pages 370 to 378
   13. 57 Offences Affecting the Administration of Justice pages 379 to 387
   14. 58 The Judgment pages 388 to 395
   15. 59 Compensation to Victims, and to the Wrongly Accused pages 396 to 404
   16. 60 Confirmation of a Death Sentence pages 405 to 409
   17. 61 Who May Appeal, and Against What pages 410 to 417
   18. 62 How an Appeal Is Heard and Decided pages 418 to 426
   19. 63 Reference to the High Court pages 427 to 430
   20. 64 Revision pages 431 to 437
   21. 65 Transfer of Criminal Cases pages 438 to 444
   22. 66 Execution of Sentences pages 445 to 452
   23. 67 Mercy, Remission and Commutation pages 453 to 459
   24. 68 Bail in Bailable and in Non-Bailable Offences pages 460 to 468
   25. 69 Anticipatory Bail, and the Special Powers of the Higher Courts pages 469 to 474
   26. 70 Bonds, Sureties and Forfeiture pages 475 to 482
   27. 71 Disposal of Property pages 483 to 490
   28. 72 Irregular Proceedings pages 491 to 497
   29. 73 Limitation for Taking Cognizance pages 498 to 503
   30. 74 The Miscellaneous Chapter, and the Inherent Power of the High Court pages 504 to 509

   Module IV 28 chapters

   1. 75 The Juvenile Justice Act: Object, Scheme and Application pages 510 to 515
   2. 76 Who Is a Child: the Definitions pages 516 to 523
   3. 77 The General Principles pages 524 to 529
   4. 78 The Juvenile Justice Board pages 530 to 537
   5. 79 Apprehension, Bail and the First Steps pages 538 to 545
   6. 80 Inquiry by the Board and the Preliminary Assessment pages 546 to 551
   7. 81 Orders the Board May Pass pages 552 to 558
   8. 82 The Children's Court, and the Child Who Turns Twenty-One pages 559 to 565
   9. 83 The Child Welfare Committee pages 566 to 572
   10. 84 The Child in Need of Care and Protection pages 573 to 580
   11. 85 Rehabilitation and Social Re-integration pages 581 to 588
   12. 86 The Institutions pages 589 to 596
   13. 87 Adoption pages 597 to 604
   14. 88 The Adoption Agencies and the Authority pages 605 to 611
   15. 89 Offences Against Children pages 612 to 619
   16. 90 How Those Offences Are Tried pages 620 to 624
   17. 91 Age, Appeals and Revision pages 625 to 633
   18. 92 The Machinery: Fund, Police and Monitoring pages 634 to 639
   19. 93 The POCSO Act: Object, Scheme and Definitions pages 640 to 645
   20. 94 Penetrative Sexual Assault and Its Aggravated Form pages 646 to 652
   21. 95 Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment pages 653 to 658
   22. 96 Using a Child for Pornographic Purposes pages 659 to 664
   23. 97 Abetment and Attempt pages 665 to 669
   24. 98 Reporting a POCSO Offence pages 670 to 676
   25. 99 Recording the Child's Statement and Medical Examination pages 677 to 681
   26. 100 The Special Court and the Presumptions pages 682 to 687
   27. 101 How a Special Court Conducts the Trial pages 688 to 694
   28. 102 The Miscellaneous Chapter of POCSO pages 695 to 700
   Every paper that is solved: 34 papers

   • Apr 2026 - ATKT 60/40
   • Apr 2026 - BNSS 75/25
   • Apr 2026 - CrPC 60/40
   • Apr 2025 - BNSS 75/25
   • Apr 2025 - CrPC 60/40
   • Dec 2025 - BNSS 60/40
   • Dec 2025 - BNSS 75/25
   • Dec 2025 - CrPC 60/40
   • Dec 2024 - BNSS 60/40
   • Dec 2024 - BNSS 75/25
   • Jun 2024 - CrPC 60/40
   • Dec 2023 - CrPC 60/40
   • May 2023 - CrPC 100
   • May 2023 - CrPC 60/40
   • Dec 2022 - CrPC 100
   • Dec 2022 - CrPC 60/40
   • May 2022 - CrPC
   • Dec 2019 - CrPC
   • Jan 2019 - CrPC
   • May 2019 - CrPC
   • Jun 2018 - CrPC
   • Dec 2017 - CrPC
   • May 2017 - CrPC
   • May 2016 - CrPC
   • Nov 2016 - CrPC
   • Nov 2015 - CrPC
   • Apr 2014 - CrPC
   • Nov 2014 - CrPC
   • Nov 2013 - CrPC
   • Dec 2012 - CrPC
   • May 2012 - CrPC
   • Apr 2011 - CrPC
   • Nov 2011 - CrPC
   • Nov 2010 - CrPC

2. Labour Law and Industrial Relations II

   Official Notes munotes.in

   Labour Law and Industrial Relations II

   LL.B. 3 YEARS · SEMESTER 5

   Strictly as per the revised CBCS syllabus of the University of Mumbai

   For students of the University of Mumbai and all its affiliated law colleges

   munotes.in Third Year

   Labour Law and Industrial Relations II

   Copyright © 2026 munotes.in. All rights reserved.

   Written and first published by munotes.in, 2026.

   This book is for individual students to read at munotes.in. No part of it may be reproduced, distributed, stored, translated or used for institutional or classroom purposes in any form without a prior written licence from munotes.in.

   Licensing and permissions: contact@munotes.in

   The text of statutes and of judgments reproduced in this book is in the public domain under section 52(1)(q) of the Copyright Act 1957. The commentary, arrangement, examples and questions are the original work of munotes.in.

   munotes.in is an independent study resource for MU students. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or officially connected to the University of Mumbai. Course names and university references describe the students and syllabus the material relates to.

   Contents

   Module I SOCIAL SECURITY: Code on Social Security, 2020

   1. Object and Salient Features of the Code 1
   2. Definitions under the Social Security Code 10
   3. Registration and Cancellation of an Establishment 20
   4. The Social Security Organisations 24
   5. Working of the Social Security Organisations 31
   6. Employees Provident Fund: The Three Schemes 38
   7. Provident Fund Contributions and Accounts 44
   8. The Employees State Insurance Corporation 52
   9. ESI Coverage and Contributions 59
   10. The Six ESI Benefits 65
   11. Employment Injury and Occupational Disease 74
   12. ESI Enforcement and Schemes for Others 83
   13. The Employees Insurance Court 89
   14. Gratuity: Entitlement and Continuous Service 96
   15. Gratuity: Nomination, Determination and Recovery 104
   16. The Right to Maternity Benefit 111
   17. Medical Bonus, Miscarriage, Nursing Breaks and Creche 119
   18. Protection of Employment During Maternity 124

   Contents continued

   Module II EMPLOYEE’S COMPENSATION: Code on Social Security, 2020

   1. Employees Compensation: The Key Concepts 131
   2. Employer's Liability for Compensation 139
   3. The Amount of Compensation 149
   4. Review, Commutation and Distribution of Compensation 157
   5. Notice, Claim and Medical Examination 165
   6. Contracting, Strangers and Insolvency of the Employer 173
   7. The Competent Authority and Appeals 181
   8. The Building and Construction Workers Cess 191
   9. Building Workers as Beneficiaries and the Welfare Fund 197
   10. Social Security for Unorganised Workers 203
   11. Gig Workers and Platform Workers 209
   12. Inspector-cum-Facilitators, Records and Wages 217
   13. Assessment, Determination and Appeal 224
   14. Damages and Recovery of Amounts Due 231
   15. Offences and Penalties under the Social Security Code 238
   16. Employment Information and Monitoring 246
   17. Finance and Accounts of the Organisations 251
   18. The Social Security Fund, Aadhaar and Exemptions 257
   19. Transfer, Good Faith, Misuse and Transitional Provisions 264

   Contents continued

   Module II continued EMPLOYEE’S COMPENSATION: Code on Social Security, 2020

   1. Rules, Overriding Effect and the Repeals 272

   Module III THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, HEALTH AND WORKING CONDITIONS CODE, 2020

   1. Object and Salient Features of the OSH Code 281
   2. Definitions under the OSH Code 288
   3. Registration of Establishments 296
   4. Duties of the Employer 303
   5. Duties of Designers, Manufacturers and Architects 309
   6. Notices of Accidents, Dangerous Occurrences and Diseases 315
   7. Duties and Rights of the Employee 321
   8. The National and State OSH Advisory Boards 327
   9. Safety and Health Standards, Research and Committees 332
   10. The Employer's Responsibility for Health, Safety and Working Conditions 339
   11. Welfare Facilities in the Establishment 344
   12. Hours of Work, Holidays and Overtime 350
   13. Night Shifts, Overlapping Shifts and Double Employment 357
   14. Notice of Periods of Work and Annual Leave with Wages 362
   15. Registers, Records and Returns 368
   16. Inspector-cum-Facilitators: Appointment and Powers 373

   Contents continued

   Module III continued THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, HEALTH AND WORKING CONDITIONS CODE, 2020

   1. Third Party Audit, Special Powers and Secrecy 379
   2. Special Officers for Mines and Medical Officers 387
   3. Employment of Women under the OSH Code 392

   Module IV SPECIAL PROVISION FOR CONTRACT LABOUR AND INTER-STATE MIGRANT WORKER, ETC ( OSH Code)

   1. Contract Labour: Application and the Designated Authority 398
   2. Licensing of Contractors 405
   3. The Principal Employer's Liability 414
   4. Prohibition of Contract Labour in Core Activities 421
   5. Inter-State Migrant Workers 430
   6. Helpline, Study and Past Liabilities 440
   7. Audio-Visual Workers 446
   8. Mines: Managers, Exclusions, Young Persons and Rescue Services 454
   9. Beedi and Cigar Workers 464
   10. Building and Other Construction Workers under the OSH Code 473
   11. Factories: Approval, Licensing and the Occupier 481
   12. Hazardous Processes and Dangerous Operations 491
   13. The Right to Warn of Imminent Danger, and Appeals 502
   14. Plantations 510

   Contents continued

   Module IV continued SPECIAL PROVISION FOR CONTRACT LABOUR AND INTER-STATE MIGRANT WORKER, ETC ( OSH Code)

   1. General Penalties and Obstruction 518
   2. Punishments for Contravention, Falsification and Disclosure 525
   3. Accidents, Mines Offences and Offences by Companies 534
   4. Limitation, Jurisdiction and Composition of Offences 546
   5. The Social Security Fund under the OSH Code 557
   6. Delegation, Onus of Proof and Common Licences 563
   7. Overriding Effect, Inquiries and the Bar on Civil Courts 571
   8. Exemptions and the Power to Amend the Schedules 581
   9. Rules, Regulations, Bye-laws and the OSH Repeals 591

   Page 1 onwards

   602 pages in this book. The cover and the contents are above. Everything from page one is in the pass.

   Notes

   2026 Edition, as per the latest syllabus. 602 pages.

   Papers

   Previous year question paper solutions. Revised edition 2026. 2024, 2025, 2026

   Every chapter in the notes: 80 chapters across 4 modules

   Module I. SOCIAL SECURITY, Code on Social Security, 2020 18 chapters

   1. 1 Object and Salient Features of the Code pages 1 to 9
   2. 2 Definitions under the Social Security Code pages 10 to 19
   3. 3 Registration and Cancellation of an Establishment pages 20 to 23
   4. 4 The Social Security Organisations pages 24 to 30
   5. 5 Working of the Social Security Organisations pages 31 to 37
   6. 6 Employees Provident Fund: The Three Schemes pages 38 to 43
   7. 7 Provident Fund Contributions and Accounts pages 44 to 51
   8. 8 The Employees State Insurance Corporation pages 52 to 58
   9. 9 ESI Coverage and Contributions pages 59 to 64
   10. 10 The Six ESI Benefits pages 65 to 73
   11. 11 Employment Injury and Occupational Disease pages 74 to 82
   12. 12 ESI Enforcement and Schemes for Others pages 83 to 88
   13. 13 The Employees Insurance Court pages 89 to 95
   14. 14 Gratuity: Entitlement and Continuous Service pages 96 to 103
   15. 15 Gratuity: Nomination, Determination and Recovery pages 104 to 110
   16. 16 The Right to Maternity Benefit pages 111 to 118
   17. 17 Medical Bonus, Miscarriage, Nursing Breaks and Creche pages 119 to 123
   18. 18 Protection of Employment During Maternity pages 124 to 130

   Module II. EMPLOYEE'S COMPENSATION, Code on Social Security, 2020 20 chapters

   1. 19 Employees Compensation: The Key Concepts pages 131 to 138
   2. 20 Employer's Liability for Compensation pages 139 to 148
   3. 21 The Amount of Compensation pages 149 to 156
   4. 22 Review, Commutation and Distribution of Compensation pages 157 to 164
   5. 23 Notice, Claim and Medical Examination pages 165 to 172
   6. 24 Contracting, Strangers and Insolvency of the Employer pages 173 to 180
   7. 25 The Competent Authority and Appeals pages 181 to 190
   8. 26 The Building and Construction Workers Cess pages 191 to 196
   9. 27 Building Workers as Beneficiaries and the Welfare Fund pages 197 to 202
   10. 28 Social Security for Unorganised Workers pages 203 to 208
   11. 29 Gig Workers and Platform Workers pages 209 to 216
   12. 30 Inspector-cum-Facilitators, Records and Wages pages 217 to 223
   13. 31 Assessment, Determination and Appeal pages 224 to 230
   14. 32 Damages and Recovery of Amounts Due pages 231 to 237
   15. 33 Offences and Penalties under the Social Security Code pages 238 to 245
   16. 34 Employment Information and Monitoring pages 246 to 250
   17. 35 Finance and Accounts of the Organisations pages 251 to 256
   18. 36 The Social Security Fund, Aadhaar and Exemptions pages 257 to 263
   19. 37 Transfer, Good Faith, Misuse and Transitional Provisions pages 264 to 271
   20. 38 Rules, Overriding Effect and the Repeals pages 272 to 280

   Module III. THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, HEALTH AND WORKING CONDITIONS CODE, 2020 19 chapters

   1. 39 Object and Salient Features of the OSH Code pages 281 to 287
   2. 40 Definitions under the OSH Code pages 288 to 295
   3. 41 Registration of Establishments pages 296 to 302
   4. 42 Duties of the Employer pages 303 to 308
   5. 43 Duties of Designers, Manufacturers and Architects pages 309 to 314
   6. 44 Notices of Accidents, Dangerous Occurrences and Diseases pages 315 to 320
   7. 45 Duties and Rights of the Employee pages 321 to 326
   8. 46 The National and State OSH Advisory Boards pages 327 to 331
   9. 47 Safety and Health Standards, Research and Committees pages 332 to 338
   10. 48 The Employer's Responsibility for Health, Safety and Working Conditions pages 339 to 343
   11. 49 Welfare Facilities in the Establishment pages 344 to 349
   12. 50 Hours of Work, Holidays and Overtime pages 350 to 356
   13. 51 Night Shifts, Overlapping Shifts and Double Employment pages 357 to 361
   14. 52 Notice of Periods of Work and Annual Leave with Wages pages 362 to 367
   15. 53 Registers, Records and Returns pages 368 to 372
   16. 54 Inspector-cum-Facilitators: Appointment and Powers pages 373 to 378
   17. 55 Third Party Audit, Special Powers and Secrecy pages 379 to 386
   18. 56 Special Officers for Mines and Medical Officers pages 387 to 391
   19. 57 Employment of Women under the OSH Code pages 392 to 397

   Module IV. SPECIAL PROVISION FOR CONTRACT LABOUR AND INTER-STATE MIGRANT WORKER, ETC ( OSH Code) 23 chapters

   1. 58 Contract Labour: Application and the Designated Authority pages 398 to 404
   2. 59 Licensing of Contractors pages 405 to 413
   3. 60 The Principal Employer's Liability pages 414 to 420
   4. 61 Prohibition of Contract Labour in Core Activities pages 421 to 429
   5. 62 Inter-State Migrant Workers pages 430 to 439
   6. 63 Helpline, Study and Past Liabilities pages 440 to 445
   7. 64 Audio-Visual Workers pages 446 to 453
   8. 65 Mines: Managers, Exclusions, Young Persons and Rescue Services pages 454 to 463
   9. 66 Beedi and Cigar Workers pages 464 to 472
   10. 67 Building and Other Construction Workers under the OSH Code pages 473 to 480
   11. 68 Factories: Approval, Licensing and the Occupier pages 481 to 490
   12. 69 Hazardous Processes and Dangerous Operations pages 491 to 501
   13. 70 The Right to Warn of Imminent Danger, and Appeals pages 502 to 509
   14. 71 Plantations pages 510 to 517
   15. 72 General Penalties and Obstruction pages 518 to 524
   16. 73 Punishments for Contravention, Falsification and Disclosure pages 525 to 533
   17. 74 Accidents, Mines Offences and Offences by Companies pages 534 to 545
   18. 75 Limitation, Jurisdiction and Composition of Offences pages 546 to 556
   19. 76 The Social Security Fund under the OSH Code pages 557 to 562
   20. 77 Delegation, Onus of Proof and Common Licences pages 563 to 570
   21. 78 Overriding Effect, Inquiries and the Bar on Civil Courts pages 571 to 580
   22. 79 Exemptions and the Power to Amend the Schedules pages 581 to 590
   23. 80 Rules, Regulations, Bye-laws and the OSH Repeals pages 591 to 602
   Every paper that is solved: 4 papers

   • Apr 2026 - 75/25
   • Apr 2025 - ATKT 75/25
   • Dec 2025 - 75/25
   • Nov 2024 - 75/25

3. Public International Law

   Official Notes munotes.in

   Public International Law

   LL.B. 3 YEARS · SEMESTER 5

   Strictly as per the revised CBCS syllabus of the University of Mumbai

   For students of the University of Mumbai and all its affiliated law colleges

   munotes.in Third Year

   Public International Law

   Copyright © 2026 munotes.in. All rights reserved.

   Written and first published by munotes.in, 2026.

   This book is for individual students to read at munotes.in. No part of it may be reproduced, distributed, stored, translated or used for institutional or classroom purposes in any form without a prior written licence from munotes.in.

   Licensing and permissions: contact@munotes.in

   The text of statutes and of judgments reproduced in this book is in the public domain under section 52(1)(q) of the Copyright Act 1957. The commentary, arrangement, examples and questions are the original work of munotes.in.

   munotes.in is an independent study resource for MU students. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or officially connected to the University of Mumbai. Course names and university references describe the students and syllabus the material relates to.

   Contents

   Module I

   1. What International Law Is, and Where It Came From 1
   2. Defining International Law 12
   3. Is International Law Really Law? 19
   4. Theories of the Basis of International Law 26
   5. Subjects of International Law 33
   6. Nationality 40
   7. Double Nationality and Statelessness 48
   8. Nationality and Citizenship Distinguished 55
   9. The Sources of International Law 61
   10. Custom 67
   11. Treaties as a Source 75
   12. General Principles of Law Recognised by Civilised Nations 82
   13. Judicial Decisions and the Writings of Jurists 88
   14. Equity 94
   15. Resolutions of the General Assembly 100
   16. International Law and Municipal Law 106
   17. International Law in Indian Courts 112
   18. Recognition of States 118
   19. Recognition of Governments 125
   20. Modes and Legal Effects of Recognition 130

   Contents continued

   Module II

   1. State Territory 136
   2. Acquisition of State Territory 142
   3. Loss of State Territory 150
   4. State Succession 156
   5. State Jurisdiction 162
   6. Immunity from Jurisdiction 170
   7. Extradition 178
   8. Asylum 185
   9. State Responsibility 192
   10. Circumstances Precluding Wrongfulness, and Reparation 200
   11. Treatment of Aliens and Diplomatic Protection 209
   12. The Law of the Sea 216
   13. Baselines and the Territorial Sea 222
   14. Innocent Passage, and Straits 230
   15. The Contiguous Zone 239
   16. The Continental Shelf 244
   17. The Exclusive Economic Zone 251
   18. The High Seas 259
   19. Delimitation of Maritime Boundaries 271

   Contents continued

   Module II continued

   1. Republic of Italy v. Union of India 278
   2. The Bay of Bengal Maritime Boundary Arbitration 285
   3. The Common Heritage of Mankind 291
   4. The Area, and the Parallel System of Mining 298

   Module III

   1. What a Treaty Is, and Its Kinds 306
   2. Making a Treaty: From Full Powers to Entry Into Force 312
   3. Reservations to Treaties 321
   4. Interpretation of Treaties 329
   5. Rights and Duties of the Parties, and Third States 336
   6. Validity of Treaties, and Jus Cogens 344
   7. Termination and Suspension of Treaties 353
   8. The United Nations: Purposes, Principles and Membership 362
   9. The General Assembly 371
   10. The Security Council: Composition, Voting and the Veto 379
   11. Pacific Settlement of Disputes 386
   12. The Use of Force and Collective Security 393
   13. The Economic and Social Council 402
   14. The International Court of Justice 410

   Contents continued

   Module III continued

   1. The Secretariat and the Secretary-General 422
   2. The Trusteeship System and the Trusteeship Council 429
   3. The International Labour Organisation 438
   4. The World Trade Organization 449
   5. Amnesty International and Non-Governmental Organisations 460
   6. UNESCO 467
   7. UNICEF 478
   8. UNDP and UNEP 486

   Module IV Contemporary and Allied Laws under International Laws:

   1. The World Health Organization 495
   2. Global Health Law and Communicable Diseases 507
   3. The International Health Regulations 517
   4. General Principles of International Trade Law 533
   5. UNCITRAL and International Commercial Arbitration 542
   6. Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards 555
   7. TRIPS 565
   8. International Air Law 580
   9. International Space Law 598

   Page 1 onwards

   615 pages in this book. The cover and the contents are above. Everything from page one is in the pass.

   Notes

   2026 Edition, as per the latest syllabus. 615 pages.

   Papers

   Previous year question paper solutions. Revised edition 2026. 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026

   Every chapter in the notes: 74 chapters across 4 modules

   Module I 20 chapters

   1. 1 What International Law Is, and Where It Came From pages 1 to 11
   2. 2 Defining International Law pages 12 to 18
   3. 3 Is International Law Really Law? pages 19 to 25
   4. 4 Theories of the Basis of International Law pages 26 to 32
   5. 5 Subjects of International Law pages 33 to 39
   6. 6 Nationality pages 40 to 47
   7. 7 Double Nationality and Statelessness pages 48 to 54
   8. 8 Nationality and Citizenship Distinguished pages 55 to 60
   9. 9 The Sources of International Law pages 61 to 66
   10. 10 Custom pages 67 to 74
   11. 11 Treaties as a Source pages 75 to 81
   12. 12 General Principles of Law Recognised by Civilised Nations pages 82 to 87
   13. 13 Judicial Decisions and the Writings of Jurists pages 88 to 93
   14. 14 Equity pages 94 to 99
   15. 15 Resolutions of the General Assembly pages 100 to 105
   16. 16 International Law and Municipal Law pages 106 to 111
   17. 17 International Law in Indian Courts pages 112 to 117
   18. 18 Recognition of States pages 118 to 124
   19. 19 Recognition of Governments pages 125 to 129
   20. 20 Modes and Legal Effects of Recognition pages 130 to 135

   Module II 23 chapters

   1. 21 State Territory pages 136 to 141
   2. 22 Acquisition of State Territory pages 142 to 149
   3. 23 Loss of State Territory pages 150 to 155
   4. 24 State Succession pages 156 to 161
   5. 25 State Jurisdiction pages 162 to 169
   6. 26 Immunity from Jurisdiction pages 170 to 177
   7. 27 Extradition pages 178 to 184
   8. 28 Asylum pages 185 to 191
   9. 29 State Responsibility pages 192 to 199
   10. 30 Circumstances Precluding Wrongfulness, and Reparation pages 200 to 208
   11. 31 Treatment of Aliens and Diplomatic Protection pages 209 to 215
   12. 32 The Law of the Sea pages 216 to 221
   13. 33 Baselines and the Territorial Sea pages 222 to 229
   14. 34 Innocent Passage, and Straits pages 230 to 238
   15. 35 The Contiguous Zone pages 239 to 243
   16. 36 The Continental Shelf pages 244 to 250
   17. 37 The Exclusive Economic Zone pages 251 to 258
   18. 38 The High Seas pages 259 to 270
   19. 39 Delimitation of Maritime Boundaries pages 271 to 277
   20. 40 Republic of Italy v. Union of India pages 278 to 284
   21. 41 The Bay of Bengal Maritime Boundary Arbitration pages 285 to 290
   22. 42 The Common Heritage of Mankind pages 291 to 297
   23. 43 The Area, and the Parallel System of Mining pages 298 to 305

   Module III 22 chapters

   1. 44 What a Treaty Is, and Its Kinds pages 306 to 311
   2. 45 Making a Treaty: From Full Powers to Entry Into Force pages 312 to 320
   3. 46 Reservations to Treaties pages 321 to 328
   4. 47 Interpretation of Treaties pages 329 to 335
   5. 48 Rights and Duties of the Parties, and Third States pages 336 to 343
   6. 49 Validity of Treaties, and Jus Cogens pages 344 to 352
   7. 50 Termination and Suspension of Treaties pages 353 to 361
   8. 51 The United Nations: Purposes, Principles and Membership pages 362 to 370
   9. 52 The General Assembly pages 371 to 378
   10. 53 The Security Council: Composition, Voting and the Veto pages 379 to 385
   11. 54 Pacific Settlement of Disputes pages 386 to 392
   12. 55 The Use of Force and Collective Security pages 393 to 401
   13. 56 The Economic and Social Council pages 402 to 409
   14. 57 The International Court of Justice pages 410 to 421
   15. 58 The Secretariat and the Secretary-General pages 422 to 428
   16. 59 The Trusteeship System and the Trusteeship Council pages 429 to 437
   17. 60 The International Labour Organisation pages 438 to 448
   18. 61 The World Trade Organization pages 449 to 459
   19. 62 Amnesty International and Non-Governmental Organisations pages 460 to 466
   20. 63 UNESCO pages 467 to 477
   21. 64 UNICEF pages 478 to 485
   22. 65 UNDP and UNEP pages 486 to 494

   Module IV Contemporary and Allied Laws under International Laws: 9 chapters

   1. 66 The World Health Organization pages 495 to 506
   2. 67 Global Health Law and Communicable Diseases pages 507 to 516
   3. 68 The International Health Regulations pages 517 to 532
   4. 69 General Principles of International Trade Law pages 533 to 541
   5. 70 UNCITRAL and International Commercial Arbitration pages 542 to 554
   6. 71 Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards pages 555 to 564
   7. 72 TRIPS pages 565 to 579
   8. 73 International Air Law pages 580 to 597
   9. 74 International Space Law pages 598 to 615
   Every paper that is solved: 31 papers

   • Apr 2026 - 60/40
   • Apr 2026 - 75/25
   • Apr 2025 - 60/40
   • Apr 2025 - 75/25
   • Dec 2025 - 60/40
   • Dec 2025 - 75/25
   • Jun 2024 - 60/40
   • Nov 2024 - 60/40
   • Nov 2024 - 75/25
   • Dec 2023 - 60/40
   • Jun 2023 - 60/40
   • Jun 2023 - ATKT
   • 2021-22
   • Dec 2022 - 60/40
   • Dec 2019
   • Jan 2019
   • May 2019
   • Jan 2018
   • Jun 2018
   • May 2017
   • Apr 2016
   • Dec 2016
   • Nov 2015
   • Apr 2014
   • Dec 2014
   • Nov 2013
   • Dec 2012
   • May 2012
   • Apr 2011
   • Nov 2011
   • Nov 2010

4. Civil Procedure Code and Limitation Act

   Official Notes munotes.in

   Civil Procedure Code and Limitation Act

   LL.B. 3 YEARS · SEMESTER 5

   Strictly as per the revised CBCS syllabus of the University of Mumbai

   For students of the University of Mumbai and all its affiliated law colleges

   munotes.in Third Year

   Civil Procedure Code and Limitation Act

   Copyright © 2026 munotes.in. All rights reserved.

   Written and first published by munotes.in, 2026.

   This book is for individual students to read at munotes.in. No part of it may be reproduced, distributed, stored, translated or used for institutional or classroom purposes in any form without a prior written licence from munotes.in.

   Licensing and permissions: contact@munotes.in

   The text of statutes and of judgments reproduced in this book is in the public domain under section 52(1)(q) of the Copyright Act 1957. The commentary, arrangement, examples and questions are the original work of munotes.in.

   munotes.in is an independent study resource for MU students. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or officially connected to the University of Mumbai. Course names and university references describe the students and syllabus the material relates to.

   Contents

   Module I Introduction (Section 2-Section 25)

   1. Definitions 1
   2. Jurisdiction of Civil Courts 7
   3. Res Sub Judice 12
   4. Res Judicata 16
   5. Bar to Further Suit 31
   6. Foreign Judgments 36
   7. Place of Suing 43
   8. Objections to Jurisdiction 48
   9. Transfer of Suits 53
   10. Essentials of a Suit and Cause of Action 58
   11. Set-off and Counterclaim 62

   Module II Of suits (Section 26-Section35, Order I-Order XX)

   1. Parties to a Suit 67
   2. Death, Marriage and Insolvency of Parties 73
   3. Institution of a Suit and Summons 79
   4. Pleadings 85
   5. The Plaint 89
   6. The Written Statement 95
   7. Appearance and Consequences of Non-appearance 101

   Contents continued

   Module II continued Of suits (Section 26-Section35, Order I-Order XX)

   1. Examination of Parties, Interrogatories, Discovery, Inspection and Admissions 107
   2. Framing of Issues and Disposal at the First Hearing 115
   3. Trial, Witnesses and Evidence 120
   4. Judgment and Decree 126
   5. Costs 131
   6. Withdrawal and Adjustment of Suits 137
   7. Suits by and against the Government and Public Officers 142
   8. Suits by and against Minors, Corporations, Firms and Others 147
   9. Suits by Indigent Persons 154
   10. Suits Relating to Mortgages of Immovable Property 160

   Module III Execution and other procedures (Orders XXI)

   1. Meaning of Execution and the Court which Executes 166
   2. Transfer of a Decree for Execution 172
   3. Questions to be Determined by the Executing Court 178
   4. Mode of Execution and Stay of Execution 183
   5. Arrest and Detention in Execution 190
   6. Attachment of Property 196
   7. Sale in Execution 205

   Contents continued

   Module III continued Execution and other procedures (Orders XXI)

   1. Resistance to Delivery of Possession 213
   2. Attachment before Judgment 219
   3. Payment into Court and Security for Costs 225
   4. Commissions 231
   5. Temporary Injunctions and Interim Orders 238
   6. Interpleader Suits 246
   7. Special Case 252
   8. Summary Procedure 257
   9. Settlement of Disputes Outside the Court 264

   Module IV Receivers, Appeals and other procedures and Law of Limitation

   1. Appointment of Receivers 269
   2. Appeals from Original Decrees 275
   3. Appeals from Appellate Decrees 284
   4. Appeals from Orders 289
   5. Appeals to the Supreme Court 294
   6. Reference, Review and Revision 300
   7. Inherent Powers, Caveat and Miscellaneous 308
   8. Affidavits and Exemption from Personal Appearance 316
   9. Chartered High Courts and Small Cause Courts 322

   Contents continued

   Module IV continued Receivers, Appeals and other procedures and Law of Limitation

   1. Object and Features of the Limitation Act 1963 329
   2. Bar of Limitation and Condonation of Delay 336
   3. Legal Disability 341
   4. Computation of the Period of Limitation 347
   5. Effect of Acknowledgment and Part Payment 354
   6. Acquisition of Ownership by Possession 360
   7. The Schedule: How to Find a Period of Limitation 368

   Page 1 onwards

   375 pages in this book. The cover and the contents are above. Everything from page one is in the pass.

   Notes

   2026 Edition, as per the latest syllabus. 375 pages.

   Papers

   Previous year question paper solutions. Revised edition 2026. 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026

   Every chapter in the notes: 60 chapters across 4 modules

   Module I. Introduction (Section 2 to Section 25) 11 chapters

   1. 1 Definitions pages 1 to 6
   2. 2 Jurisdiction of Civil Courts pages 7 to 11
   3. 3 Res Sub Judice pages 12 to 15
   4. 4 Res Judicata pages 16 to 30
   5. 5 Bar to Further Suit pages 31 to 35
   6. 6 Foreign Judgments pages 36 to 42
   7. 7 Place of Suing pages 43 to 47
   8. 8 Objections to Jurisdiction pages 48 to 52
   9. 9 Transfer of Suits pages 53 to 57
   10. 10 Essentials of a Suit and Cause of Action pages 58 to 61
   11. 11 Set-off and Counterclaim pages 62 to 66

   Module II. Of suits (Section 26 to Section 35, Order I to Order XX) 17 chapters

   1. 12 Parties to a Suit pages 67 to 72
   2. 13 Death, Marriage and Insolvency of Parties pages 73 to 78
   3. 14 Institution of a Suit and Summons pages 79 to 84
   4. 15 Pleadings pages 85 to 88
   5. 16 The Plaint pages 89 to 94
   6. 17 The Written Statement pages 95 to 100
   7. 18 Appearance and Consequences of Non-appearance pages 101 to 106
   8. 19 Examination of Parties, Interrogatories, Discovery, Inspection and Admissions pages 107 to 114
   9. 20 Framing of Issues and Disposal at the First Hearing pages 115 to 119
   10. 21 Trial, Witnesses and Evidence pages 120 to 125
   11. 22 Judgment and Decree pages 126 to 130
   12. 23 Costs pages 131 to 136
   13. 24 Withdrawal and Adjustment of Suits pages 137 to 141
   14. 25 Suits by and against the Government and Public Officers pages 142 to 146
   15. 26 Suits by and against Minors, Corporations, Firms and Others pages 147 to 153
   16. 27 Suits by Indigent Persons pages 154 to 159
   17. 28 Suits Relating to Mortgages of Immovable Property pages 160 to 165

   Module III. Execution and other procedures (Order XXI) 16 chapters

   1. 29 Meaning of Execution and the Court which Executes pages 166 to 171
   2. 30 Transfer of a Decree for Execution pages 172 to 177
   3. 31 Questions to be Determined by the Executing Court pages 178 to 182
   4. 32 Mode of Execution and Stay of Execution pages 183 to 189
   5. 33 Arrest and Detention in Execution pages 190 to 195
   6. 34 Attachment of Property pages 196 to 204
   7. 35 Sale in Execution pages 205 to 212
   8. 36 Resistance to Delivery of Possession pages 213 to 218
   9. 37 Attachment before Judgment pages 219 to 224
   10. 38 Payment into Court and Security for Costs pages 225 to 230
   11. 39 Commissions pages 231 to 237
   12. 40 Temporary Injunctions and Interim Orders pages 238 to 245
   13. 41 Interpleader Suits pages 246 to 251
   14. 42 Special Case pages 252 to 256
   15. 43 Summary Procedure pages 257 to 263
   16. 44 Settlement of Disputes Outside the Court pages 264 to 268

   Module IV. Receivers, Appeals and other procedures and Law of Limitation 16 chapters

   1. 45 Appointment of Receivers pages 269 to 274
   2. 46 Appeals from Original Decrees pages 275 to 283
   3. 47 Appeals from Appellate Decrees pages 284 to 288
   4. 48 Appeals from Orders pages 289 to 293
   5. 49 Appeals to the Supreme Court pages 294 to 299
   6. 50 Reference, Review and Revision pages 300 to 307
   7. 51 Inherent Powers, Caveat and Miscellaneous pages 308 to 315
   8. 52 Affidavits and Exemption from Personal Appearance pages 316 to 321
   9. 53 Chartered High Courts and Small Cause Courts pages 322 to 328
   10. 54 Object and Features of the Limitation Act 1963 pages 329 to 335
   11. 55 Bar of Limitation and Condonation of Delay pages 336 to 340
   12. 56 Legal Disability pages 341 to 346
   13. 57 Computation of the Period of Limitation pages 347 to 353
   14. 58 Effect of Acknowledgment and Part Payment pages 354 to 359
   15. 59 Acquisition of Ownership by Possession pages 360 to 367
   16. 60 The Schedule: How to Find a Period of Limitation pages 368 to 375
   Every paper that is solved: 31 papers

   • Apr 2026 - 60/40
   • Apr 2026 - 75/25
   • Apr 2025 - 60/40
   • Apr 2025 - ATKT 75/25
   • Dec 2025 - 60/40
   • Dec 2025 - 75/25
   • Jun 2024 - 60/40
   • Nov 2024 - 60/40
   • Nov 2024 - 75/25
   • Dec 2023
   • 2021-22
   • Nov 2022 - 100
   • Nov 2022 - 60/40
   • Nov 2022 - Set 2 60/40
   • Dec 2019
   • Jan 2019
   • May 2019
   • Jun 2018
   • Dec 2017
   • May 2017
   • Apr 2016
   • Apr 2015
   • Nov 2015
   • Apr 2014
   • Dec 2014
   • Nov 2013
   • May 2012
   • Nov 2012
   • Apr 2011
   • Nov 2011
   • Nov 2010

5. Moot Court Exercise and Internship

   Official Notes munotes.in

   Moot Court Exercise and Internship

   LL.B. 3 YEARS · SEMESTER 5

   Strictly as per the revised CBCS syllabus of the University of Mumbai

   For students of the University of Mumbai and all its affiliated law colleges

   munotes.in Third Year

   Moot Court Exercise and Internship

   Copyright © 2026 munotes.in. All rights reserved.

   Written and first published by munotes.in, 2026.

   This book is for individual students to read at munotes.in. No part of it may be reproduced, distributed, stored, translated or used for institutional or classroom purposes in any form without a prior written licence from munotes.in.

   Licensing and permissions: contact@munotes.in

   The text of statutes and of judgments reproduced in this book is in the public domain under section 52(1)(q) of the Copyright Act 1957. The commentary, arrangement, examples and questions are the original work of munotes.in.

   munotes.in is an independent study resource for MU students. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or officially connected to the University of Mumbai. Course names and university references describe the students and syllabus the material relates to.

   Contents

   Module I Moots

   1. Moot Court Exercise and Internship: What This Course Is and How It Is Assessed 1
   2. What a Moot Court Is: The Bench, the Counsel, the Memorial and the Marks 5
   3. The Courts a Moot Is Argued In: Original, Appellate and Writ Jurisdiction 10
   4. Reading a Moot Problem: Facts, Dates, Parties and the Questions Set 16
   5. Finding the Issues: Maintainability, Rights and the Statute 20
   6. The Running Moot Problem: The Sagarnagar Street Vendors' Case 25
   7. The Parts of a Memorial, in Order 36
   8. Writing an Argument: Issue, Rule, Application, Conclusion 40
   9. Citing Statutes and Cases in a Memorial 44
   10. A Complete Memorial for the Petitioners 48
   11. A Complete Memorial for the Respondents 56
   12. Checking and Submitting a Memorial, and Its Entry in Your Record 63
   13. Finding the Law: Acts, Rules, Notifications and Amendments 67
   14. Finding Case Law: Law Reports, Court Websites and Neutral Citations 71
   15. Reading a Judgment: Ratio, Obiter and the Weight of a Precedent 74
   16. The Research Log: Keeping the Research Honest 79

   Contents continued

   Module II Observance of trial proceedings

   1. Going to Court: Which Court, Which Matter, and How to Conduct Yourself 82
   2. The Stages of a Civil Suit, From Plaint to Decree 87
   3. Witnesses in Court: Examination-in-Chief, Cross-Examination and Re-Examination 92
   4. Observing a Civil Trial: Procedure and the Record for Your Journal 96
   5. The Stages of a Criminal Trial Under the BNSS 100
   6. Observing a Criminal Trial: Procedure and the Record for Your Journal 105
   7. Watching Court Proceedings Online: Live Streaming and Video Conferencing 109
   8. Writing a Brief Report on Proceedings Attended 114

   Module III Internship at lawyer’s office

   1. The Internship: What the Rules Require and How to Find One 118
   2. Conduct and Confidentiality in a Lawyer's Office 122
   3. Interviewing a Client: Technique and the Record of Two Interviews 126
   4. Pre-Trial Preparation: From the First Meeting to the Filing of a Suit 130
   5. The Internship Diary, Court Attendance and the Internship Certificate 135
   6. The Internship Report: What You Learned, Skill by Skill 139

   Contents continued

   Module IV

   1. The Viva Voce: What Is Asked and How to Answer 142
   2. Court Manners and Forms of Address 146
   3. Building the Oral Argument: Roadmap, Time and Prayer 150
   4. Answering the Bench, and Rebuttal 153
   5. A Complete Oral Submission for the Petitioners 157
   6. A Complete Oral Submission for the Respondents, With Rebuttal and Sur-Rebuttal 162
   7. Your Moot Court Record: Three Moots, Written and Oral 166

   Page 1 onwards

   169 pages in this book. The cover and the contents are above. Everything from page one is in the pass.

   Notes

   2026 Edition, as per the latest syllabus. 169 pages.

   Every chapter in the notes: 37 chapters across 4 modules

   Module I Moots 16 chapters

   1. 1 Moot Court Exercise and Internship: What This Course Is and How It Is Assessed pages 1 to 4
   2. 2 What a Moot Court Is: The Bench, the Counsel, the Memorial and the Marks pages 5 to 9
   3. 3 The Courts a Moot Is Argued In: Original, Appellate and Writ Jurisdiction pages 10 to 15
   4. 4 Reading a Moot Problem: Facts, Dates, Parties and the Questions Set pages 16 to 19
   5. 5 Finding the Issues: Maintainability, Rights and the Statute pages 20 to 24
   6. 6 The Running Moot Problem: The Sagarnagar Street Vendors' Case pages 25 to 35
   7. 7 The Parts of a Memorial, in Order pages 36 to 39
   8. 8 Writing an Argument: Issue, Rule, Application, Conclusion pages 40 to 43
   9. 9 Citing Statutes and Cases in a Memorial pages 44 to 47
   10. 10 A Complete Memorial for the Petitioners pages 48 to 55
   11. 11 A Complete Memorial for the Respondents pages 56 to 62
   12. 12 Checking and Submitting a Memorial, and Its Entry in Your Record pages 63 to 66
   13. 13 Finding the Law: Acts, Rules, Notifications and Amendments pages 67 to 70
   14. 14 Finding Case Law: Law Reports, Court Websites and Neutral Citations pages 71 to 73
   15. 15 Reading a Judgment: Ratio, Obiter and the Weight of a Precedent pages 74 to 78
   16. 16 The Research Log: Keeping the Research Honest pages 79 to 81

   Module II Observance of trial proceedings 8 chapters

   1. 17 Going to Court: Which Court, Which Matter, and How to Conduct Yourself pages 82 to 86
   2. 18 The Stages of a Civil Suit, From Plaint to Decree pages 87 to 91
   3. 19 Witnesses in Court: Examination-in-Chief, Cross-Examination and Re-Examination pages 92 to 95
   4. 20 Observing a Civil Trial: Procedure and the Record for Your Journal pages 96 to 99
   5. 21 The Stages of a Criminal Trial Under the BNSS pages 100 to 104
   6. 22 Observing a Criminal Trial: Procedure and the Record for Your Journal pages 105 to 108
   7. 23 Watching Court Proceedings Online: Live Streaming and Video Conferencing pages 109 to 113
   8. 24 Writing a Brief Report on Proceedings Attended pages 114 to 117

   Module III Internship at lawyer's office 6 chapters

   1. 25 The Internship: What the Rules Require and How to Find One pages 118 to 121
   2. 26 Conduct and Confidentiality in a Lawyer's Office pages 122 to 125
   3. 27 Interviewing a Client: Technique and the Record of Two Interviews pages 126 to 129
   4. 28 Pre-Trial Preparation: From the First Meeting to the Filing of a Suit pages 130 to 134
   5. 29 The Internship Diary, Court Attendance and the Internship Certificate pages 135 to 138
   6. 30 The Internship Report: What You Learned, Skill by Skill pages 139 to 141

   Module IV 7 chapters

   1. 31 The Viva Voce: What Is Asked and How to Answer pages 142 to 145
   2. 32 Court Manners and Forms of Address pages 146 to 149
   3. 33 Building the Oral Argument: Roadmap, Time and Prayer pages 150 to 152
   4. 34 Answering the Bench, and Rebuttal pages 153 to 156
   5. 35 A Complete Oral Submission for the Petitioners pages 157 to 161
   6. 36 A Complete Oral Submission for the Respondents, With Rebuttal and Sur-Rebuttal pages 162 to 165
   7. 37 Your Moot Court Record: Three Moots, Written and Oral pages 166 to 169

6. Interpretation of Statutes

   Papers

   Previous year question paper solutions. These papers are from an older syllabus of this course. There are no notes for them. 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026

   Every paper that is solved: 28 papers

   • Apr 2026 - 60/40
   • Apr 2025 - 60/40
   • Dec 2025 - 60/40
   • Jun 2024 - 60/40
   • Nov 2024 - 60/40
   • Dec 2023 - 60/40
   • Mar 2023 - 100
   • May 2023 - 60/40
   • 2021-22
   • Dec 2022 - 100
   • Dec 2022 - 60/40
   • Dec 2019
   • Jan 2019
   • May 2019
   • Jan 2018
   • Jun 2018
   • May 2017
   • Apr 2016
   • Nov 2016
   • Nov 2015
   • Apr 2014
   • Dec 2014
   • Nov 2013
   • Dec 2012
   • May 2012
   • Apr 2011
   • Nov 2011
   • Nov 2010

Questions