Mumbai University Solved Question Papers
Land Laws
Previous Year Question Paper with Solution
LLB 3 years · Sem 4
Dec 2012 Examination
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LLB 3 years Sem 4 Land Laws Dec 2012 Question Paper with Solutions
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First published on munotes.in on 24 October 2026.
Published by munotes.in, Mumbai.
Model answers written and edited by the munotes.in editorial desk.
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The University does not publish an official answer key for this paper. The answers in this volume are model answers, written to show how a full-mark answer is built. They are a study aid, not an authority on what an examiner marked.
The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by the University of Mumbai at the Dec 2012 examination.
Contents
The questions below are the paper as the University of Mumbai set it at the Dec 2012 examination, in the order it was set.
MarksPage
MarksPage
The Paper as Set
The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the Dec 2012 examination, reproduced as the University of Mumbai set them, in the order it set them. Nothing has been reworded, added or left out. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.
Duration 3 hours · Total marks 100 · 25 questions answered
How to use this volume
Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.
Q.1
Q.1: Answer in 2-3 sentences each
(1)What is foreshore?[2]
Answer
The foreshore is the strip of the shore that the tide covers and uncovers. It is the land between the High Tide Line and the Low Tide Line. The Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 2019 calls this strip the "intertidal zone", the "land area between the HTL and the Low Tide Line".
How the law treats it.
- Owned by the State. In the City of Bombay, "every unoccupied portion of the foreshore, below high water mark" is declared the property of the State Government (section 294, Maharashtra Land Revenue Code, 1966). The Collector disposes of it with the State's sanction (section 295).
- Protected against encroachment. The Collector may summarily remove an encroachment on "any land or foreshore vested in the State Government" (section 50), and evict an unauthorised occupant (section 53).
- CRZ-I B. Under the 2019 Notification the intertidal zone is CRZ-I B (paragraph 2.1.2). Reclamation there is allowed only for listed purposes such as ports and sea links.
- "Foreshore facilities". The 2011 Notification defines these as activities that "require waterfront for their operations", such as ports, harbours, jetties, wharves, breakwaters, pipelines and lighthouses. Only activities directly needing the foreshore may come up in the CRZ.
Example. The wet sand at Juhu between high and low tide is foreshore. A fishing jetty built on it is a foreshore facility.
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