Mumbai University Solved Question Papers
Environmental Laws
Previous Year Question Paper with Solution
LLB 3 years · Sem 2
May 2024 - 60/40 Examination
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LLB 3 years Sem 2 Environmental Laws May 2024 - 60/40 Question Paper with Solutions
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First published on munotes.in on 17 October 2026.
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The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by the University of Mumbai at the May 2024 - 60/40 examination.
Contents
The questions below are the paper as the University of Mumbai set it at the May 2024 - 60/40 examination, in the order it was set.
MarksPage
MarksPage
MarksPage
The Paper as Set
The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the May 2024 - 60/40 examination, reproduced as the University of Mumbai set them, in the order it set them. Nothing has been reworded, added or left out. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.
Duration 2 hours · Total marks 60 · 22 questions answered
How to use this volume
Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.
SECTION I
Answer in not more than two sentences
any 6 of 10 · 12 Marks
1.Define "environmental pollutant" under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.[2]
Answer
Definition. Under section 2(b) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, "environmental pollutant" means any solid, liquid or gaseous substance. It must be present in such concentration as may be, or tend to be, injurious to environment.
The elements.
- Any form of substance. Solid, liquid or gas.
- Concentration. The substance must be present at a level that harms. A small, harmless amount is not a pollutant.
- Tendency to injure is enough. Actual injury need not be proved.
- Injury to the environment. "Environment" in section 2(a) is wide. It covers water, air and land, and their links with living beings and property.
Related definition. "Environmental pollution" in section 2(c) means the presence in the environment of any environmental pollutant.
Contrast with the Air Act. The Air Act's "air pollutant" expressly includes noise. The EPA definition speaks only of substances. Yet the Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules 2000 were made under the EPA's rule-making power.
Why it matters.
- Section 7. No one carrying on an industry may discharge or emit environmental pollutants in excess of the prescribed standards.
- Section 3(2)(iv). The Central Government may lay down standards for emission or discharge of environmental pollutants.
Examples. Pesticide residue in soil, lead in dust and untreated effluent on land are environmental pollutants.
In short. Any substance in harmful concentration is an environmental pollutant, whatever the medium.
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