Mumbai University Solved Question Papers
October 2025
Previous Year Question Paper with Solution
BSc IT · Sem VI
October 2025 - Cyber Laws Examination
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BSc IT Sem VI October 2025 Cyber Laws Question Paper with Solutions
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First published on munotes.in on 5 November 2026.
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Model answers written and edited by the munotes.in editorial desk.
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The University does not publish an official answer key for this paper. The answers in this volume are model answers, written to show how a full-mark answer is built. They are a study aid, not an authority on what an examiner marked.
The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by the University of Mumbai at the October 2025 - Cyber Laws examination.
Contents
The questions below are the paper as the University of Mumbai set it at the October 2025 - Cyber Laws examination, in the order it was set.
MarksPage
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The Paper as Set
The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the October 2025 - Cyber Laws examination, reproduced as the University of Mumbai set them, in the order it set them. Nothing has been reworded, added or left out. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.
Duration 2½ hours · Total marks 75 · 30 questions answered
How to use this volume
Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.
SECTION I
1.
Attempt any three of the following · 15 Marks
a.List and explain the most significant global crimes committed since the year 2000.[5]
Answer
For full marks, cover: why cybercrime grew after 2000, the most significant incidents in time order (worms and denial of service, state-linked sabotage, mass data breaches, bank and payment fraud, ransomware, supply-chain attacks), with what each did and what it taught, an Indian example, a worked loss figure, and the common lessons.
Why cybercrime grew after 2000
From 2000 onwards, businesses, banks and governments moved online, and criminals followed. Attacks grew from pranks by individuals into organised crime, extortion and state-linked operations, often crossing many countries at once.
The most significant crimes
1. ILOVEYOU worm (May 2000). An e-mail with the subject "ILOVEYOU" carried a script that overwrote files and mailed itself to every contact. It spread worldwide within days. Its author, in the Philippines, could not be punished, because the country then had no law against such acts. This pushed countries to pass cybercrime laws.
2. "Mafiaboy" denial-of-service attacks (February 2000). A Canadian teenager flooded major websites, including Yahoo, eBay, Amazon and CNN, with traffic until they went offline. It showed how easily large services could be disrupted.
3. Stuxnet (discovered 2010). A highly sophisticated worm that damaged uranium-enrichment centrifuges in Iran by altering industrial control systems. It showed that code could cause physical destruction.
4. Yahoo data breaches (2013 and 2014, disclosed 2016 and 2017). Attackers stole data on all of Yahoo's roughly 3 billion user accounts in the 2013 breach. It is among the largest data breaches known.
5. Bangladesh Bank heist (February 2016). Attackers used the bank's own SWIFT access to send fraudulent payment orders worth nearly 1 billion dollars; about 81 million dollars was actually stolen.
6. WannaCry ransomware (May 2017). Ransomware spread itself through a Windows flaw and encrypted more than 200,000 computers in about 150 countries, including hospitals in the United Kingdom.
7. NotPetya (June 2017). Disguised as ransomware but built to destroy data, it spread from a Ukrainian accounting program to companies worldwide, causing billions of dollars in losses.
8. Equifax breach (2017). Personal data of about 147 million people was stolen from a credit bureau through an unpatched web application.
9. SolarWinds supply-chain attack (discovered 2020). Malicious code was inserted into updates of a widely used network management product, reaching government agencies and companies.
10. Colonial Pipeline ransomware (May 2021). The largest fuel pipeline in the United States shut down for days; the company paid a ransom of about 4.4 million dollars.
An Indian example. In August 2018, attackers used cloned cards and fraudulent SWIFT transfers to take about Rs 94 crore from Cosmos Bank, Pune, within two days.
Worked figure
In the Bangladesh Bank case, about 81 million dollars of nearly 1 billion dollars ordered was stolen: 81 / 1,000, about 8.1 per cent. Most orders were stopped, partly because one destination name was misspelt, showing how close the loss came to being much larger.
Common lessons
- Unpatched systems (WannaCry, Equifax) and trusted channels (SWIFT, software updates) are prime routes.
- Crimes cross borders, so cooperation between countries is essential.
- Laws must cover new forms of crime, as the ILOVEYOU case showed.
- Backups, monitoring and incident response limit the damage.
Conclusion. Significant global cybercrimes since 2000 include the ILOVEYOU worm and Mafiaboy attacks (2000), Stuxnet (2010) and the Yahoo breaches. Later came the Bangladesh Bank heist (2016), WannaCry and NotPetya (2017), Equifax (2017), SolarWinds (2020) and Colonial Pipeline (2021). In India, Cosmos Bank lost about Rs 94 crore in 2018. They show the risks of unpatched systems and trusted channels and the need for laws and cooperation across borders.
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