Master of Law (LL.M.) Foundation Course Indian Constitutional Law New Challenges Jul 2026 ATKT Question Paper - Mumbai University | munotes

Questions asked in this paper

SECTION I - Attempt ANY FOUR questions, all questions carry equal marks, cite relevant case laws wherever required (any four of seven) 100 Marks

1. 1) Critically examine the inclusion of instrumentalities and agencies within the meaning of "State" under Article 12 of the Indian Constitution. What criteria have courts used to determine whether a body qualifies as a State?
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2. 2) Should the concept of secularism under the Indian Constitution be reinterpreted or amended to address contemporary issues? Justify your position with constitutional reasoning and judicial perspectives.
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3. 3) Analyze the role of the judiciary in India in upholding press freedom while addressing ethical concerns in reporting controversial scientific advancements.
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4. 4) "Democracy is not merely a form of government but a mode of associated living." Critically analyze this quote in the context of grassroots democracy under the Indian Constitution.
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5. 5) "Federalism is the key to India's unity." Evaluate this quote by discussing the impact of inter-state disputes on Indian federalism.
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6. 6) How do Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles, and Fundamental Duties interact to shape the constitutional framework of India? Critically analyze their complementary and conflicting aspects.
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7. 7) Write a Notes on (Any Two):
   • (a) Rights of Minorities
   • (b) Judicial Activism and Judicial Restraint
   • (c) Nexus of politics with criminals and the business
   • (d) Privatization and its impact on affirmative action
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