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Criminology and Penology
Previous Year Question Paper with Solution
LLB 3 years · Sem 4
Nov 2013 Examination
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LLB 3 years Sem 4 Criminology and Penology Nov 2013 Question Paper with Solutions
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First published on munotes.in on 24 October 2026.
Published by munotes.in, Mumbai.
Model answers written and edited by the munotes.in editorial desk.
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The University does not publish an official answer key for this paper. The answers in this volume are model answers, written to show how a full-mark answer is built. They are a study aid, not an authority on what an examiner marked.
The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by the University of Mumbai at the Nov 2013 examination.
The law in these answers is stated as at October 2026. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita and Sakshya Adhiniyam replaced the IPC, the CrPC and the Evidence Act on 1 July 2024, so older papers that cite the old sections are answered under the new ones. The Juvenile Justice Act, 2015 repealed the Act of 2000 (s.111). The Maharashtra Prisons (Furlough and Parole) Rules, 2024 superseded the Rules of 1959, and on 4 May 2026 the Bombay High Court struck down their requirement of one year of actual imprisonment before regular parole (Vinodkumar Chellappan Pillai v. State of Maharashtra). Food adulteration now falls under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006, which repealed the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954.
Contents
The questions below are the paper as the University of Mumbai set it at the Nov 2013 examination, in the order it was set.
MarksPage
MarksPage
The Paper as Set
The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the Nov 2013 examination, reproduced as the University of Mumbai set them, in the order it set them. Nothing has been reworded, added or left out. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.
Duration 3 hours · Total marks 100 · 25 questions answered
How to use this volume
Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.
1.
Q.1: Answer in not more than two sentences
20 Marks - 2 marks each
(a)State any two causes of crime committed by women.[2]
Answer
Women commit far less recorded crime than men. Sutherland noted that about "ten times as many males as females are arrested", and explained the difference "by differences in traditions and social situations for the two sexes", not by biology. Two causes of the crime that women do commit are these.
- Economic hardship and dependence. Some women are left without support, such as widows, deserted wives and women forced into poorly paid work. Need drives them towards theft, fraud or prostitution. Bonger found that "the criminality of widows is very great", because widows "are generally forced to come into contact with the economic and social life of the world more than other women". From this he concluded that women's lower crime rate is "not to be sought in innate qualities, but rather in the social environment".
- Domestic oppression and conflict. Much of women's crime grows out of the home. A woman long harassed for dowry or beaten by her husband may finally strike back. A woman abandoned with an unwanted child may, out of shame or fear, commit infanticide or conceal the birth (BNS s.94).
Other causes. Exploitation by traffickers and pimps, drug addiction, and the influence of a criminal husband or companion.
Why it matters. Since the causes are social, prevention lies in economic security, protection from domestic violence and rehabilitation, not in harsher punishment alone.
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