Mumbai University Solved Question Papers
Constitutional Law II
Previous Year Question Paper with Solution
LLB 3 years · Sem 4
Oct 2025 - 75/25 Examination
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LLB 3 years Sem 4 Constitutional Law II Oct 2025 - 75/25 Question Paper with Solutions
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First published on munotes.in on 24 October 2026.
Published by munotes.in, Mumbai.
Model answers written and edited by the munotes.in editorial desk.
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The University does not publish an official answer key for this paper. The answers in this volume are model answers, written to show how a full-mark answer is built. They are a study aid, not an authority on what an examiner marked.
The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by the University of Mumbai at the Oct 2025 - 75/25 examination.
Written on the law as it stood in October 2026. Bribery for a vote has no immunity after Sita Soren v. Union of India (2024), which overruled P.V. Narasimha Rao. On assent to State Bills, the advisory opinion of 20 November 2025 restored the Governor's discretion under article 200 and rejected court-fixed timelines and deemed assent, displacing parts of State of Tamil Nadu v. Governor of Tamil Nadu (April 2025). The validity of the 2023 Act on appointing Election Commissioners was referred to five judges on 23 September 2026 and is open, as is the scope of a Money Bill after Rojer Mathew (2019).
Contents
The questions below are the paper as the University of Mumbai set it at the Oct 2025 - 75/25 examination, in the order it was set.
MarksPage
MarksPage
The Paper as Set
The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the Oct 2025 - 75/25 examination, reproduced as the University of Mumbai set them, in the order it set them. Nothing has been reworded, added or left out. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.
Duration 2½ hours · Total marks 75 · 21 questions answered
How to use this volume
Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.
Section I
Short Answer: Attempt any six out of eight
12 Marks - 2 marks each
1Define Federalism in the Indian context.[2]
Answer
In the Indian context, federalism means a constitutional division of power between the Union and the States, with a deliberately strong Union. Article 1 calls India "a Union of States", and the Supreme Court describes it as a federation with a bias in favour of the Centre.
Going deeper. The federal elements are real. There is a written Constitution, a division of legislative power through article 246 and three Lists, and an independent judiciary to settle disputes. Changes to the Lists need ratification by half the States under article 368(2).
The Indian twist. The Union is indestructible, but the States are not. Under article 3, Parliament may alter a State's boundaries by ordinary law. The residuary power lies with the Union (article 248). Emergency provisions can make the system work like a unitary one.
What the Court has said. In S.R. Bommai v. Union of India, AIR 1994 SC 1918, nine judges held that the Constitution creates "a federation but with a bias in favour of the Centre". Within their own sphere the States are supreme, and federalism is a basic feature.
So the best one-line description is a Union with a federal distribution of power, often called quasi-federal.
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