Mumbai University Solved Question Papers
Environmental Laws
Previous Year Question Paper with Solution
LLB 3 years · Sem 2
Dec 2022 Examination
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LLB 3 years Sem 2 Environmental Laws Dec 2022 Question Paper with Solutions
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First published on munotes.in on 17 October 2026.
Published by munotes.in, Mumbai.
Model answers written and edited by the munotes.in editorial desk.
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The University does not publish an official answer key for this paper. The answers in this volume are model answers, written to show how a full-mark answer is built. They are a study aid, not an authority on what an examiner marked.
The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by the University of Mumbai at the Dec 2022 examination.
Contents
The questions below are the paper as the University of Mumbai set it at the Dec 2022 examination, in the order it was set.
MarksPage
MarksPage
MarksPage
The Paper as Set
The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the Dec 2022 examination, reproduced as the University of Mumbai set them, in the order it set them. Nothing has been reworded, added or left out. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.
Duration 2 hours · Total marks 60 · 22 questions answered
How to use this volume
Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.
SECTION I
Answer any six in not more than 2 sentences
any 6 of 10 · 12 Marks
1.Define " Air Pollutant" as defined under the Air Act, 1981.[2]
Answer
Definition. "Air pollutant" is defined in section 2(a) of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. It means any solid, liquid or gaseous substance, including noise, present in the atmosphere. It must be present in such concentration as may be, or tend to be, injurious to any of the following.
- Human beings.
- Other living creatures.
- Plants.
- Property.
- The environment.
The elements.
- Any physical form. Smoke, dust, fumes, droplets and gases are all covered.
- Noise included. The words "including noise" were inserted by the 1987 Amendment, in force from 1 April 1988. Noise is not a substance, but the Act treats it as a pollutant.
- Concentration is the test. A substance is a pollutant only at a harmful level. Carbon dioxide in normal amounts is not; the same gas in a sealed basement may be.
- Tendency is enough. It need only tend to be injurious. Proof of actual injury is not needed.
- Wide range of victims. Harm to animals, crops, buildings or the environment counts, not only harm to people.
Examples. Sulphur dioxide from a thermal plant, fly ash from a chimney and fine dust from a stone crusher are air pollutants. So is loud noise from a factory.
Why it matters. "Air pollution" in section 2(b) is defined as the presence of an air pollutant in the atmosphere. So this definition fixes the scope of the whole Act.
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