Mumbai University Solved Question Papers
Environmental Laws
Previous Year Question Paper with Solution
LLB 3 years · Sem 2
Jan 2018 Examination
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LLB 3 years Sem 2 Environmental Laws Jan 2018 Question Paper with Solutions
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First published on munotes.in on 17 October 2026.
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The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by the University of Mumbai at the Jan 2018 examination.
Contents
The questions below are the paper as the University of Mumbai set it at the Jan 2018 examination, in the order it was set.
MarksPage
MarksPage
MarksPage
The Paper as Set
The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the Jan 2018 examination, reproduced as the University of Mumbai set them, in the order it set them. Nothing has been reworded, added or left out. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.
Duration 3 hours · Total marks 100 · 25 questions answered
How to use this volume
Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.
SECTION I
Answer the following, not more than two sentences
all 10 · 20 Marks
1.What is Environment Impact Assessment?[2]
Answer
Meaning. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is the identification, prediction and evaluation of the likely environmental consequences of a proposed project. It is done before the decision whether to permit the project. The decision-maker then has the effects, the alternatives and the ways to reduce harm in front of it.
Origin. It began with the United States National Environmental Policy Act of 1969. Internationally, Principle 17 of the Rio Declaration, 1992 calls for it.
In India. EIA is required by a Notification under section 3 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. The first was issued in 1994. The one now in force is dated 14 September 2006.
Projects covered. Projects listed in its Schedule, such as mining, thermal power plants, river valley projects, industries and large construction. Category A projects are cleared by the Central Government, and Category B projects by the State authority.
The four stages.
- Screening. Deciding whether a Category B project needs a full study.
- Scoping. Setting the terms of reference for the study.
- Public consultation. A public hearing near the site and written comments.
- Appraisal. An expert committee examines the report and recommends.
The result. Prior environmental clearance, granted with conditions or refused.
Why it matters. It applies the precautionary principle at the planning stage. In Alembic Pharmaceuticals Ltd. v. Rohit Prajapati, AIRONLINE 2020 SC 445, the Supreme Court held that clearance granted after the event is alien to environmental jurisprudence.
In short. A study of environmental effects before a project is approved.
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