Mumbai University Solved Question Papers
Environmental Laws
Previous Year Question Paper with Solution
LLB 3 years · Sem 2
May 2012 Examination
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LLB 3 years Sem 2 Environmental Laws May 2012 Question Paper with Solutions
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First published on munotes.in on 17 October 2026.
Published by munotes.in, Mumbai.
Model answers written and edited by the munotes.in editorial desk.
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The University does not publish an official answer key for this paper. The answers in this volume are model answers, written to show how a full-mark answer is built. They are a study aid, not an authority on what an examiner marked.
The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by the University of Mumbai at the May 2012 examination.
Contents
The questions below are the paper as the University of Mumbai set it at the May 2012 examination, in the order it was set.
MarksPage
MarksPage
MarksPage
The Paper as Set
The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the May 2012 examination, reproduced as the University of Mumbai set them, in the order it set them. Nothing has been reworded, added or left out. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.
Duration 3 hours · Total marks 100 · 25 questions answered
How to use this volume
Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.
SECTION I
Answer the following, not more than two sentences
all 10 · 20 Marks
1.Give a brief note on Central Water Laboratory.[2]
Answer
Section 51 of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 provides for a Central Water Laboratory.
How it is set up. The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, do either of two things.
- Establish a Central Water Laboratory.
- Specify an existing laboratory or institute as the Central Water Laboratory.
Rules about it. After consulting the Central Board, the Central Government may make rules prescribing the following.
- The laboratory's functions.
- The procedure for sending it samples of water, sewage or trade effluent for analysis.
- The form of its reports and the fees payable.
- Any other matter needed for its work.
Its analysts. Under section 53(1), the Central Government appoints qualified persons as Government analysts to analyse samples sent to it.
Its State counterpart. Section 52 lets the State Government establish or specify a State Water Laboratory in the same way.
Why it matters. Its report carries special weight. Under section 22(4), if a Board laboratory and the Central or State Water Laboratory differ, the report of the latter prevails. So it acts as a referee laboratory where a polluter disputes a Board's result.
In short. The Central Water Laboratory gives the Act an independent, Government-backed source of analysis. That makes Board findings harder to challenge in court.
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