Mumbai University Solved Question Papers
Environmental Laws
Previous Year Question Paper with Solution
LLB 3 years · Sem 2
Apr 2011 Examination
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LLB 3 years Sem 2 Environmental Laws Apr 2011 Question Paper with Solutions
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First published on munotes.in on 17 October 2026.
Published by munotes.in, Mumbai.
Model answers written and edited by the munotes.in editorial desk.
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The University does not publish an official answer key for this paper. The answers in this volume are model answers, written to show how a full-mark answer is built. They are a study aid, not an authority on what an examiner marked.
The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by the University of Mumbai at the Apr 2011 examination.
Contents
The questions below are the paper as the University of Mumbai set it at the Apr 2011 examination, in the order it was set.
MarksPage
MarksPage
MarksPage
The Paper as Set
The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the Apr 2011 examination, reproduced as the University of Mumbai set them, in the order it set them. Nothing has been reworded, added or left out. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.
Duration 3 hours · Total marks 100 · 25 questions answered
How to use this volume
Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.
SECTION I
Answer the following, not more than two sentences
all 10 · 20 Marks
1.What does 'ACT' under the Hazardous Wastes Rules mean?[2]
Answer
The answer. Under rule 3(1)(1) of the Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016, "Act" means the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986).
The parent Act. The Rules are made by the Central Government under sections 6, 8 and 25 of the 1986 Act. They were notified as G.S.R. 395(E) of 4 April 2016, superseding the 2008 Rules.
- Section 6 lets the Centre make rules to regulate environmental pollution.
- Section 8 requires hazardous substances to be handled only under prescribed procedures and safeguards.
- Section 25 is the general rule-making power.
Earlier Rules. The Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989, which the paper names, were also made under the 1986 Act. So "Act" meant the same there.
Consequences.
- Penalty. Breach of the Rules attracts a penalty under the 1986 Act. Since the Jan Vishwas Act 2023, it is imposed by an adjudicating officer.
- Liability. Under rule 23, the occupier, importer, exporter and disposal operator are liable for damage from improper handling. That covers damage to the environment and to third parties.
- Directions. Section 5 of the Act lets the Central Government, or authorities it delegates to, direct closure of a defaulting unit.
Related Acts. The Rules also refer to the Water Act 1974 and the Air Act 1981. Consents under those Acts must accompany an application for authorisation under rule 6.
In short. "Act" means the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, under which the Rules are made and enforced.
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