Mumbai University Solved Question Papers
Public International Law and Human Rights
Previous Year Question Paper with Solution
BLS LLB 5 Years · Sem 9
Dec 2025 - 60/40 Examination
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BLS LLB 5 Years Sem 9 Public International Law and Human Rights Dec 2025 - 60/40 Question Paper with Solutions
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First published on munotes.in on 11 August 2026.
Published by munotes.in, Mumbai.
Model answers written and edited by the munotes.in editorial desk.
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The University does not publish an official answer key for this paper. The answers in this volume are model answers, written to show how a full-mark answer is built. They are a study aid, not an authority on what an examiner marked.
The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by the University of Mumbai at the Dec 2025 - 60/40 examination.
The answers in this volume state the law as it stands today, not as it stood when the paper was set, and in this subject three changes matter. The Protection of Human Rights (Amendment) Act, 2019 allows a Judge of the Supreme Court, and not only a former Chief Justice of India, to chair the National Human Rights Commission, and cut the term from five years to three. The Indian Penal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure were replaced on 1 July 2024 by the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita and the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, so sedition is now section 152 with its own saving for criticism of the government, and the provisions on arrest, rape and legal aid carry new numbers. And on 21 March 2024 the Supreme Court recognised a right against the adverse effects of climate change under Articles 14 and 21. Where a question turns on a provision since replaced, the answer gives it as it then stood and the present position, and says which is which.
Contents
The questions below are the paper as the University of Mumbai set it at the Dec 2025 - 60/40 examination, in the order it was set.
MarksPage
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The Paper as Set
The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the Dec 2025 - 60/40 examination, reproduced as the University of Mumbai set them, in the order it set them. Nothing has been reworded, added or left out. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.
Duration 2 hours · Total marks 60 · 22 questions answered
Instructions printed on the paper
- N.B: All questions are compulsory. Figures to the right indicate full marks. Give case law or reasons wherever necessary.
How to use this volume
Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.
Q1.
Answer in one or two sentences
any 6 · 12 Marks
(a)State the provisions in Parts III and IV of Indian Constitution that protect the children.[2]
Answer
In Part III, the Fundamental Rights: Article 15(3), enabling the State to make special provision for children; Article 21, the right to life with dignity, which for a child includes protection of health and strength and opportunities to develop in conditions of freedom and dignity; Article 21A, inserted by the 86th Amendment, 2002, free and compulsory education for all children of six to fourteen; Article 23, prohibiting traffic in human beings and forced labour; and Article 24, that no child below fourteen shall be employed in any factory or mine or engaged in any other hazardous employment.
In Part IV, the Directive Principles: Article 39(e), that the tender age of children is not abused; Article 39(f), that children are given opportunities to develop in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity and are protected against exploitation and moral and material abandonment; Article 45, early childhood care and education until the age of six; and Article 47 on nutrition.
The rest of the answers
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