LL.B. (Five Years) Sem 1 Logic 1 February 2026 75/25 Question Paper - Mumbai University | munotes

Questions asked in this paper

SECTION I - Q.1) Answer the following in not more than two sentences (any 6) (2 x 6 = 12 marks)

1. Q1 What is inference?
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2. Q2 What is the Law of Identity?
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3. Q3 Define positive terms.
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4. Q4 Define proposition.
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5. Q5 Give an example of a copula.
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6. Q6 Symbolise- 'All men are mortal' as per the quantification theory.
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7. Q7 What are the four types of opposition?
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8. Q8 What is public nuisance?
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SECTION II - Q.2) Write short notes on any two of the following (6 x 2 = 12 marks)

1. Q9 Correspondence theory of truth.
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2. Q10 Proposition and judgement.
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3. Q11 Connotation and denotation of terms.
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4. Q12 Truth and validity.
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SECTION III - Q.3) Answer any two questions (6 x 2 = 12 marks)

1. Q13 1(a) Reduce the following sentences into logical form, identify and name distributed term or terms.
   • (i) A few judges supported the interpretation based on precedent.
   • (ii) All contracts require free consent.
   • (iii) Only citizens of the United States can vote in the U.S. elections.
   • (b) Identify and symbolise the following statement and construct a truth table for the following compound proposition. If a person commits theft, then he is punishable under law.
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2. Q14 2) Identify and symbolize the following propositions as per modern classification of propositions.
   • (i) Seems impossible to solve.
   • (ii) The Taj Mahal is a monument.
   • (iii) A mother loves her child.
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3. Q15 3) Identify the definitions in the following and state the fallacy, if any, giving reason.
   • (i) A doctor is a person who performs surgery.
   • (ii) Alternation is a combination of contradictory opposed determinations in the existence of one and the same thing.
   • (iii) Freedom is liberty.
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4. Q16 4) Identify the division in the following and state the fallacy, if any, giving reason.
   • (i) Umbrella into rod, handle, spokes and cloth.
   • (ii) People into introvert and non-introvert.
   • (iii) Fruits into apple, banana, orange, big, red, ripped.
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SECTION IV - Q.4) Answer any two questions from questions a, b, c, d. Question 'e' is compulsory (13 x 3 = 39 marks)

1. Q17 a) Explain Analogy as a form of reasoning. Discuss the characteristics of good and bad analogies and examine their use in law.
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2. Q18 b) Explain general propositions in modern logic. Distinguish between universal and existential propositions.
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3. Q19 c) Explain the Opposition of Propositions. Discuss the types of opposition and inference by opposition, including opposition of singular propositions.
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4. Q20 d) What is the Logical Division? Explain the rules and fallacies of division.
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5. Q21 e) Do as directed.
   • (i) All senators are citizens. (Give contradictory)
   • (ii) Some sparrows are not mammals. (Give converse)
   • (iii) All nurses are considerate. (Give Obverse)
   • (iv) All that glitters is not gold. (Give subaltern)
   • (v) Some politicians are not wealthy. (Give contrapositive)
   • (vi) Elephants never forget. (Give inverse)
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