Law of Torts, Motor Accident Claims and Consumer Protection Notes | B.A. LL.B. (Five Year Course) Semester 5 | Mumbai University | munotes

Contents

Module I General Principles of Tort

1. What a Tort Is 1
2. The Nature and Scope of Tortious Liability 6
3. The Object of the Law of Torts 12
4. Law of Tort or Law of Torts 17
5. Tort in India 21
6. The Mental Element in Tort 26
7. Tort Distinguished from Crime 30
8. Tort Distinguished from Breach of Contract and Other Wrongs 34
9. Who May Sue 38
10. Death and the Fatal Accidents Act 1855 43
11. Who May Not Be Sued 49
12. Damnum Sine Injuria 54
13. Injuria Sine Damno 58
14. Ubi Jus Ibi Remedium 62
15. Volenti Non Fit Injuria 66
16. Extinguishment and Discharge of Liability in Tort 71
17. Limitation in an Action for Tort 75
18. General Defences I 80
19. General Defences II 84

Module II Torts against person, property, Freedom &Reputation

1. Trespass to the Person 89
2. Battery 93
3. Assault 96
4. Mayhem 99
5. False Imprisonment 102
6. Trespass to Land 107
7. Trespass ab Initio 111
8. Remedies for Trespass to Land 114
9. Trespass to Goods 118
10. Detinue 121
11. Conversion 125
12. Defamation: What It Is 129
13. Libel and Slander 133
14. The Essentials of Defamation 137
15. Defences to Defamation 140
16. Defamation in India 145
17. Torts Affecting Personal Relations 149
18. Nuisance: What It Is 152
19. Public Nuisance 155
20. Private Nuisance 159
21. Defences and Remedies in Nuisance 163
22. Negligence: What It Is 167
23. The Duty of Care 171
24. Breach of Duty and the Standard of Care 176
25. Damage, Causation and Remoteness 180
26. Res Ipsa Loquitur 184
27. Contributory and Composite Negligence 188
28. Medical Negligence 192
29. Nervous Shock 197
30. Fraud or Deceit 200
31. Joint Tortfeasors 204
32. Malicious Prosecution 208
33. Malicious Abuse of Legal Process 212

Module III Principles of Liability in Torts and Legal Remedies

1. Vicarious Liability: Basis and Justification 216
2. Who Is a Servant 220
3. Course of Employment 224
4. Liability for an Independent Contractor 228
5. Other Relations that Attract Vicarious Liability 231
6. Vicarious Liability of the State 234
7. Constitutional Tort 238
8. Strict Liability: The Rule in Rylands v. Fletcher 243
9. Exceptions to Strict Liability 248
10. Absolute Liability 252
11. The Bhopal Gas Disaster 257
12. The Public Liability Insurance Act 1991 261
13. Judicial Remedies: Damages 266
14. Kinds of Damages 269
15. Injunction and Specific Restitution of Property 273
16. Extra-Judicial Remedies 277

Module IV Concept of Consumer & Consumer Protection Act 2019

1. Why a Consumer Law, and the Scheme of the Act of 2019 281
2. Who Is a Consumer 285
3. Goods and Defect 289
4. Service and Deficiency 293
5. Types of Services and Denial of Service 297
6. Commercial and Professional Services 300
7. Medical Services under the Act 303
8. Unfair and Restrictive Trade Practices 307
9. Misleading Advertisements and the Liability of an Endorser 311
10. Consumer Rights and the Consumer Protection Councils 315
11. The Central Consumer Protection Authority 318
12. The District Commission 322
13. How a Complaint Is Decided 326
14. The State Commission 330
15. The National Commission 333
16. Mediation under the Act 337
17. Product Liability 341
18. Offences and Penalties under the Consumer Law 345
19. Judicial Review of the Consumer Commissions 349
20. The Motor Vehicles Act 1988: Scheme and Definitions 354
21. What a Motor Accident Claim Is 358
22. Claims Tribunals: Constitution and Jurisdiction 362
23. The Application for Compensation 366
24. The Award of the Claims Tribunal 371
25. Computing Just Compensation 376
26. Appeal, Recovery and Rules 381
27. Liability without Fault 385
28. Hit and Run, and the Golden Hour 392
29. Compulsory Third-Party Insurance 398
30. The Insurer: Duties, Defences and Pay and Recover 404
31. The Rest of the Motor Vehicles Act I: Licensing 412
32. The Rest of the Motor Vehicles Act II: Conductors and Registration 416
33. The Rest of the Motor Vehicles Act III: Permits and State Undertakings 420
34. The Rest of the Motor Vehicles Act IV: Construction, Traffic and Foreign Vehicles 424
35. The Rest of the Motor Vehicles Act V: Offences and Miscellaneous 429