Software Testing and Quality Assurance Notes | B.Sc. (Computer Science) Semester 5 | Mumbai University | munotes

Contents

Module I Testing fundamentals and the test process, the SDLC and quality factors, quality, QA, QC, QM and SQA, verification and validation with reviews, inspection and walkthroughs, and the testing strategies from unit to system testing, debugging and test automation

1. What Software Testing Is 1
2. Errors, Faults and Failures 8
3. Why Software Must Be Tested 15
4. The Seven Principles of Testing 23
5. The Basic Test Process 29
6. The Software Testing Life Cycle, Phase by Phase 35
7. What a Test Case Is, and What Makes a Good One 40
8. Test Design Techniques: The Three Families 46
9. Test Execution 51
10. Test Reporting 57
11. Writing a Test Plan 62
12. The Test Documents, From Design to Completion 68
13. What a Software Development Life Cycle Is 73
14. The Waterfall Model, and What Royce Actually Said 77
15. The V-Model: A Test Level for Every Phase 82
16. Iterative, Incremental and Spiral Models 86
17. Agile, Scrum and DevOps: Testing in Short Cycles 91
18. The Role of Testing in Each Phase 97
19. Software Quality Factors: McCall's Model 102
20. From McCall to ISO/IEC 25010: The Quality Model Today 106
21. How Quality Factors Shape Testing 111
22. What Quality Means 116
23. Quality in Software Development 120
24. Quality Control and Quality Assurance 129
25. Quality Management and Software Quality Assurance 135
26. Verification and Validation, and Why Both Matter 140
27. The Kinds of V&V: Static and Dynamic Mechanisms 146
28. Software Reviews: The Process, the Roles and the Types 152
29. Inspection 158
30. Walkthrough, and How It Differs From an Inspection 165
31. A Strategic Approach to Software Testing 171
32. Test Levels and Test Types 177
33. Unit Testing: What It Is For 183
34. Unit Testing Techniques: Drivers, Stubs and Test Doubles 188
35. Writing Unit Tests With a Framework 193
36. Unit Testing Best Practices 198
37. Integration Testing: Why Units That Work Can Fail Together 204
38. Top-Down, Bottom-Up and Sandwich Integration 209
39. Regression Testing, Smoke Testing and Continuous Integration 215
40. The Challenges of Integration Testing 221
41. Validation Testing 226
42. Acceptance Testing: Alpha, Beta and User Acceptance 231
43. System Testing: The Whole System, End to End 236
44. Recovery, Security, Stress, Performance and Deployment Testing 241
45. Load Testing: Users, Ramp-Up, Throughput and Error Rate 247
46. Cross-Browser and Compatibility Testing 252
47. Debugging: From a Failure Back to Its Fault 257
48. Test Automation: What to Automate and What Not To 262
49. Driving a Browser: WebDriver, Locators and Waits 267
50. Data-Driven Testing 273
51. The Page Object Model 278

Module II Black-box, white-box and experience-based test design, software metrics and complexity, defect management, the quality movement, SQA and reliability, ISO 9000, formal technical reviews, quality costs and the seven basic quality tools

1. Black-Box and White-Box Testing 283
2. Specification-Based Testing 292
3. Equivalence Partitioning 300
4. Boundary Value Analysis 308
5. Decision Table Testing 315
6. State Transition Testing 323
7. Structural Testing: Seeing Inside the Code 330
8. Statement Testing and Statement Coverage 337
9. Branch Testing and Branch Coverage 343
10. Experience-Based Testing 350
11. Error Guessing 355
12. Exploratory Testing 360
13. Checklist-Based Testing 366
14. What a Software Metric Is, and Why Measure 372
15. Developing Metrics: Goal, Question, Metric 378
16. Size Metrics: Lines of Code and Function Points 384
17. Quality, Process and Test Metrics 391
18. Object-Oriented Metrics: The CK Suite 396
19. Cyclomatic Complexity 402
20. Halstead's Measures and Other Complexity Metrics 408
21. Why Complexity Matters to Testing: Basis Path Testing 415
22. What a Defect Is 421
23. The Defect Life Cycle 426
24. The Defect Management Process 431
25. Writing a Defect Report: Severity and Priority 436
26. Tracking Defects to Closure 441
27. A Defect Tracker at Work: Bugzilla 446
28. Defect Metrics 452
29. Using Defect Data to Improve the Process 458
30. Quality Concepts: Variation, Design and Conformance 463
31. The Quality Movement: Shewhart, Deming and Juran 472
32. The Quality Movement: Feigenbaum, Ishikawa, Crosby and TQM 480
33. Background Issues in Software Quality Assurance 488
34. The Challenges in Software Quality Assurance 494
35. SQA Activities: What the SQA Group Does 500
36. The Software Quality Assurance Plan 506
37. Approaches to SQA: Formal Methods, Cleanroom and Process Models 512
38. Statistical Software Quality Assurance and Six Sigma 520
39. Software Reliability 526
40. Statistical Process Control: Control Charts for Software 531
41. Measuring Software Reliability 537
42. Improving Software Reliability 542
43. The ISO 9000 Family and the Seven Principles 547
44. ISO 9001: The Requirements, Certification and Software 551
45. Why Reviews Pay: The Cost of a Late Defect 556
46. Formal Technical Reviews 561
47. The Benefits of Formal Technical Reviews 567
48. Quality Improvement Methodologies: PDCA and Kaizen 571
49. Lean, CMMI and Choosing a Methodology 576
50. The Cost of Quality 582
51. Using Quality Costs for Decision Making 586
52. The Seven Basic Quality Tools 591
53. Pareto Diagrams 596
54. Cause-Effect Diagrams 601
55. Scatter Diagrams 607
56. Run Charts 611
57. What the Examination Asks, and How to Answer It 617