B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) Political Science Minor-II-2: Organisation and Institutions Syllabus - KSLU 2026

• COURS-IV
• Political Science
• Minor-II-2: Organisation & Institutions

UNIT-I

• 1. CONSTITUTION- Meaning and importance; classification (Comparative study and examples); Conditions for a good constitution.
• 2. CONVENTIONS- Meaning & importance; pertinent examples; common law in U.K.
• 3. AMENDMENTS- Importance & need for; methods; India, U.S.A. , U.K. , France & Switzerland- provisions for amendments.
• 4. Forms of Government- a) Unitary- details; U.K. and France as specific examples.
• b) Federal- Formation (Two methods); all other details examples U.S.A. , India Switzerland Specifically.
• c) Quasi- federal Governments- a special note.

UNIT-II

• ORGANS OF GOVERNMENT
• 6. LEGISLATURE-Meaning; functions & role unicameral Vs bicameral- (all- Details); legislative process; normal budgetary Procedure-a special note; committees; (Apt examples.)
• 7. Executive-- Meaning (broad & narrow); types; functions; parliamentary and non-Parliamentary- details; Plural Executive (a special Mention) - organization and working (Switzerland & Erstwhile U.S.S.R.)
• 8. Civil Service-Meaning ( broad & narrow); features and functions; salient Examples; civil service in India- a note.
• 9. JUDICIARY- a) Importance, organization; functions; methods of protecting Independence-the need for such protection - judicial review- a note.
• 10. Montesquievs-Theory of separation of powers- the pros and cons and its Validity today.

UNIT-III

• 5. CITIZENSHIP-Meaning, qualifications; a brief history; methods (Jus soli, Jus Sanguins) and naturalized; loss of citizenship (conditions)
• 6. POLITICAL PARTIES-Meaning; formation manifestos; functions; merits & demerits; kinds- working, relative merits & defects; Specific examples; a special but brief reference to the Indian Scenario.
• 7. PUBLIC OPINION-Meaning, nature and principles; importance and limitations; Media- visual auditory & audio visual- examples, merits & demerits of each media.
• 8. Pressure groups-Meaning, importance; determinants; nature; techniques and methods; critical appreciation

UINIT-IV

• 6) ELECTORATE- Meaning, importance, Qualifications (necessary) Disqualifications- examples (J.S. MILLS VIEWS)
• 7) CONSTITUENCIES-Meaning, kinds (Their features, merits & limitations).
• 8) METHODS OF ELECTION & BALLOTING-Direct, indirect; open & secret; Single Vs plural voting-(J.S.MILLS VIEWS).
• 9) UNIVERSAL ADULT FRANCHISE-Features, Merits & demerits.
• 10) FRANCHISE FOR WOMEN---Arguments for & against--- conditions today.

UNIT- V

• 3. REPRESENTATION-Definition, meaning nature- role of a representative; territorial Vs functional representation.
• 4. MINORITY REPRESENTATION-Definition, meaning & nature- arguments for and against; methods---
• iii) Under a single member constituency - Second ballot system.
• iv) Under a multi member constituency- list system, cumulative vote plan; limited vote plan- working, merits and defects.
• 3) PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION-Hare System (details) , merits and demerits, the system, in practice today-examples & their working.

Readings:

• 10) K.C. Wheare :Federal Governments.
• 11) Gehel R.G. :Political Sceience.
• 12) Appadorai. A. :Substance Of Politics.
• 13) Kapur. A.C. : Political Science.
• 14) Gokhale.A.K. : Political Science.
• 15) Rathore & Haqqui :Political Theory And Organisation.
• 16) Agarawal.R.C. : Political Theory.
• 17) Mohit Bhattacharya :Political Theory, / Deas & Institutions.
• 18) A.G.Garner : Political Science.