KSLU Solved Question Papers
Political Science (International Relations and Organisation)
Previous Year Question Paper with Solution
B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) · Sem 4
2023 Mar (70 marks) Examination
munotes.in
Mumbai
B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) Sem 4 Political Science (International Relations and Organisation) 2023 Mar (70 marks) Question Paper with Solutions
First published on munotes.in on 2 November 2026.
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The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by Karnataka State Law University at the 2023 Mar (70 marks) examination.
Contents
The questions below are the paper as Karnataka State Law University set it at the 2023 Mar (70 marks) examination, in the order it was set.
MarksPage
The Paper as Set
The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the 2023 Mar (70 marks) examination, reproduced as Karnataka State Law University set them, in the order it set them. Long reading passages are shortened to their first and last lines and our summary; the original paper prints them in full. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.
Duration 2½ hours · Total marks 70 · 12 questions answered
How to use this volume
Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.
Q1Define 'internationalism' and briefly explain its importance.[10]
Answer
For full marks, cover: what internationalism is and how it differs from nationalism and from world government; its roots (Kant, Wilson, the League, the UN, India's own ideal); its importance: peace, security, global problems, economic co-operation, human rights, cultural understanding, help to poorer states and a check on narrow nationalism; one ICJ opinion showing internationalism in law (Reparation for Injuries); its limits; a conclusion.
What internationalism is
Internationalism is the belief that nations should co-operate with one another for the common good of humanity. It accepts that the world is divided into nations. But it holds that their interests are linked and that they can live and work together in peace.
An internationalist is loyal to his own nation and also to mankind as a whole. He sees no conflict between the two. In this sense internationalism is not the opposite of healthy nationalism but its extension: a good national can also be a good world citizen.
Internationalism differs from two other ideas.
- From narrow nationalism. Narrow or aggressive nationalism treats one's own nation as superior and the interests of others as unimportant. Internationalism rejects this.
- From world government. Internationalism does not ask states to give up their sovereignty to one world state. It works through co-operation among sovereign states, by treaties and international organisations.
The roots of the idea
- Kant. In Perpetual Peace (1795) the philosopher Immanuel Kant argued that republican government, a "federation of free states" and universal hospitality could bring lasting peace.
- Wilson. In his Fourteen Points of January 1918, US President Woodrow Wilson called for "A general association of nations ... affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike" (point XIV).
- The League of Nations and the UN. The League (1920) was the first general organisation of states. The United Nations (1945) followed. Its Charter asks peoples "to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours".
- India. Article 51 of the Constitution of India directs the State to "promote international peace and security" and to "maintain just and honourable relations between nations". India chose "One Earth, One Family, One Future" as the theme of its G20 presidency in 2023.
The importance of internationalism
1. Peace and the prevention of war. The UN Charter opens with the resolve "to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind". In a nuclear age, war can destroy all nations. Co-operation through the UN, treaties and diplomacy is the only real safeguard.
2. Collective security. Internationalism lets states protect one another against aggression. Under article 39 of the UN Charter, the Security Council determines "any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression" and decides what measures to take on behalf of all members.
3. Solving global problems. Climate change, pandemics, terrorism, drugs and refugees cross every border. No nation can solve them alone. The Paris Agreement of 2015 on climate change and the COVAX scheme for COVID-19 vaccines (2020 to 2023) are examples of joint action.
4. Economic co-operation. Trade, investment and technology tie nations together. Bodies such as the WTO, the IMF and the World Bank exist because economic welfare depends on co-operation.
5. Human rights. Internationalism holds that every person has rights whatever his nation. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and later treaties express this idea.
6. Cultural understanding. The UNESCO Constitution says: "since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defences of peace must be constructed". Exchange of students, art and ideas removes prejudice between peoples.
7. Help to developing countries. Through aid, loans and technical help, richer nations and agencies assist poorer ones. This reduces the gap between North and South.
8. A check on aggressive nationalism. By putting humanity above narrow national pride, internationalism restrains the kind of nationalism that led to the two World Wars.
Internationalism in law: the UN as an international person
In Reparation for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations, Advisory Opinion of 11 April 1949, the General Assembly asked a question. Suppose a UN agent is injured on duty and a state is responsible. Can the UN, as an organisation, bring an international claim against that state?
The International Court of Justice advised that it could. The Charter had given the UN rights, duties and political tasks of its own. So the UN has "a large measure of international personality", "although it is certainly not a super-State". The Court also held that the members had created an entity with objective personality, valid even against non-members.
The opinion bears on this question because it shows internationalism given legal form. States co-operating through an organisation create a new actor in world affairs. Yet that actor is not a world state, which is exactly the line internationalism draws.
Limits
Internationalism faces strong obstacles. States still put national interest first. The great powers can block the Security Council by the veto. Rich and poor nations disagree on trade and climate. Narrow nationalism has returned in many countries. So internationalism remains an aim that is only partly achieved.
Conclusion. Internationalism is the belief that nations, while keeping their identity and sovereignty, should co-operate for the good of all mankind. Its roots run from Kant and Wilson to the League, the UN and India's own Article 51. Its importance lies in peace, collective security, the solution of global problems, economic welfare, human rights and cultural understanding. It is not world government: the Reparation opinion shows an organisation of states that is a real international person but "not a super-State". In an interdependent and nuclear world, internationalism is a necessity, not a luxury.
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