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B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) Sem 4 Political Science (International Relations and Organisation) 2014 Jun Question Paper with Solutions

KSLU Solved Question Papers

Political Science (International Relations and Organisation)

Previous Year Question Paper with Solution

B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) · Sem 4

2014 Jun Examination

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Mumbai

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First published on munotes.in on 21 October 2026.

Published by munotes.in, Mumbai.

Model answers written and edited by the munotes.in editorial desk.

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munotes.in is an independent study resource for students of Karnataka State Law University. It is not affiliated with Karnataka State Law University, and is not endorsed by it.

The University does not publish an official answer key for this paper. The answers in this volume are model answers, written to show how a full-mark answer is built. They are a study aid, not an authority on what an examiner marked.

The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by Karnataka State Law University at the 2014 Jun examination.

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Contents

The questions below are the paper as Karnataka State Law University set it at the 2014 Jun examination, in the order it was set.

MarksPage

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MarksPage

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The Paper as Set

The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the 2014 Jun examination, reproduced as Karnataka State Law University set them, in the order it set them. Long reading passages are shortened to their first and last lines and our summary; the original paper prints them in full. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.

Duration 3 hours  ·  Total marks 100  ·  20 questions answered

Instructions printed on the paper

  • N.B. (1) Answer all 5 Questions. (2) One essay type and one short note question from each Unit have to be attempted, which is referred as Part (a) and Part (b) in all the Units. (3) Figures to the right indicates marks. (4) Answers should be written either in Kannada or English completely.

How to use this volume

Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.

Read the original question paper

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Q1

Unit I

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(a)What do you mean by International Relations ? Explain the importance and scope of International Relations.[15]

Answer

For full marks, cover: Part A, meaning: the word "international" (Bentham, printed 1780); the narrow meaning (international politics) and the broad meaning; definitions (Morgenthau, 1948; Palmer and Perkins, 1954; Carr, 1939) and a working definition; Part B, scope: the subject matter in ten areas, the actors (states and non-state actors), the three levels of analysis (Waltz, 1959), and how the scope widened in stages (diplomatic history; Aberystwyth, 1919; institutions; the behavioural turn; global issues); Part C, importance: interdependence, war and peace, global problems, democracy, India's place in the world (remittances; Operation Ganga, 2022), and law (Constitution art. 51; Jadhav, 2019); limits of the subject; a conclusion.

Part A: Meaning of international relations

The word. The word "international" was coined by the English jurist Jeremy Bentham in his Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, printed in 1780. He used it for the law between sovereigns, then called the law of nations. So the word was born meaning "between nations", and in practice "between states".

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Two meanings. In a narrow sense, international relations means the official dealings of governments with one another: diplomacy, treaties, alliances, war and peace. This is often called international politics. In a broad sense, it includes every interaction across borders that affects how the world is run. That covers trade, migration, international law, international organisations, companies, campaigning bodies and terrorist networks. Most courses today use the broad meaning.

Definitions.

  1. Hans Morgenthau (1948) began with the sentence: "International politics, like all politics, is a struggle for power." His is the realist view, placing the state and its power at the centre.
  2. Palmer and Perkins (1954) described the subject's real purpose as the analytical study of interstate relations. They stressed understanding what states do before saying what they should do.
  3. E. H. Carr (1939) traced the subject to the wish to prevent another world war. Before 1914, he noted, foreign affairs were left to professionals and the public took little interest.
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A working definition. International relations is the systematic study of the interactions among states and other international actors, political, economic, legal and cultural. It also studies the international system in which they take place, and the causes of conflict and co-operation within it.

Its nature in brief. Five features mark the subject.

  1. A society without a government. There is no world parliament, police or compulsory court. Hobbes wrote that sovereigns live "in the state and posture of Gladiators", weapons pointed at one another. Writers call this condition anarchy, meaning the absence of a ruler above states, not chaos.
  2. Conflict and co-operation together. States fight on some issues and co-operate on many others, such as trade, aviation and health.
  3. Power is always present. Even friendly relations are shaped by who is stronger.
  4. It is interdisciplinary. It draws on history, law, economics, geography, sociology and psychology.
  5. It keeps changing. The UN began in 1945 with 51 members; it had 99 in 1960 and 193 by 2011. New actors and new problems keep altering the subject.
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Part B: Scope of international relations

1. The subject matter. The scope of a subject means the range of matters it covers. International relations covers:

  1. the state system and its principles: sovereignty, equality, territorial integrity and non-intervention;
  2. power and national interest;
  3. foreign policy and diplomacy;
  4. war, peace and security, including alliances, deterrence and disarmament;
  5. international law;
  6. international organisations, such as the UN, its agencies and regional bodies;
  7. international political economy: trade, aid, debt and the gap between rich and poor;
  8. non-state actors: multinational companies, campaigning groups, liberation movements and terrorist networks;
  9. global issues: climate change, migration, refugees, human rights and health;
  10. theories that explain all of these, such as realism, liberalism and Marxism.
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2. The actors. The sovereign state remains the main actor. It makes treaties, declares war and sits in the UN. But international organisations, companies, religious bodies, campaigning groups and armed movements also act across borders. The scope includes all of them.

3. Levels of analysis. Kenneth Waltz, in Man, the State, and War (1959), showed that events can be explained at three levels. The first is the individual, such as a leader's beliefs. The second is the state, such as its political system. The third is the international system, such as the absence of any authority above states. A full study of international relations uses all three.

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4. How the scope has widened. The subject began as diplomatic history, the study of treaties and wars. After the First World War it became a university discipline: the first chair was founded at Aberystwyth in 1919. Between the wars it focused on the League and international law. After 1945 it turned to power and, from the 1950s, to scientific methods. Since the end of the Cold War it has widened again to globalisation, climate change, terrorism, pandemics and human rights. The scope keeps growing because the world keeps changing. India built its own centres of study. The Indian Council of World Affairs was founded in 1943, and the School of International Studies at Jawaharlal Nehru University followed in 1970. Both helped Indian scholars study the world from India's own point of view.

Part C: Importance of international relations

  1. It explains an interdependent world. Prices, jobs and security in any country depend on events abroad. A government can fix its taxes, but not the world price of oil.
  2. It studies war and peace. The subject was born from the wish to prevent war, and nuclear weapons make that task more urgent than ever.
  3. It deals with global problems. Climate change, pandemics and terrorism cannot be solved by any state alone.
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  1. It serves democracy. Citizens who vote on foreign policy need to understand the world.
  2. It explains India's place in the world. Millions of Indians live and work abroad. India received about 129 billion US dollars in remittances in 2024, the most of any country. When war broke out in Ukraine in 2022, Operation Ganga brought home about 22,500 Indians.
  3. It matters to law students. Article 51 of the Constitution directs the State to "foster respect for international law and treaty obligations in the dealings of organised peoples with one another". International law protects Indians abroad. In Jadhav (India v. Pakistan), judgment of 17 July 2019, Pakistan had sentenced an Indian national to death for espionage after denying India consular access to him. The World Court held that Pakistan had breached the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. It ordered consular access and an effective review of his conviction and sentence. Without international relations and law, such protection would not exist.
  4. It opens careers. The subject leads to the foreign service, international organisations, journalism, research and international business. For lawyers it leads to trade law, arbitration and human rights practice.
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Limits of the subject

International relations cannot predict events with certainty, because it cannot run experiments. Palmer and Perkins called it "a very inexact science". Much of its theory was written from the viewpoint of Western powers. Its definitions change as the world changes.

Conclusion. International relations, in Bentham's word, is the study of relations between nations. Narrowly it is international politics among governments, and broadly it is every interaction across borders that shapes the world. Morgenthau saw it as a struggle for power, and Palmer and Perkins as the analytical study of interstate relations. Carr saw it as a science born from the wish to prevent war. Its scope covers the state system, power, diplomacy, war and peace, law, organisations, economics, non-state actors and global issues, studied at three levels of analysis. It matters for every citizen, for India and for every lawyer, as Jadhav shows. Though inexact, it makes an interdependent world understandable.

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