KSLU Solved Question Papers
Indian Society: Continuity and Change
Previous Year Question Paper with Solution
B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) · Sem 2
2013 Jun Examination
munotes.in
Mumbai
B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) Sem 2 Indian Society: Continuity and Change 2013 Jun Question Paper with Solutions
First published on munotes.in on 21 October 2026.
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The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by Karnataka State Law University at the 2013 Jun examination.
Contents
The questions below are the paper as Karnataka State Law University set it at the 2013 Jun examination, in the order it was set.
MarksPage
MarksPage
The Paper as Set
The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the 2013 Jun examination, reproduced as Karnataka State Law University set them, in the order it set them. Long reading passages are shortened to their first and last lines and our summary; the original paper prints them in full. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.
Duration 3 hours · Total marks 100 · 20 questions answered
Instructions printed on the paper
- N.B. (1) Answer all 5 Questions. (2) One essay type and one short note question or problem from each Unit have to be attempted. (3) Figures to the right indicate marks. (4) Answers should be written either in English or Kannada completely.
How to use this volume
Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.
Q1
Unit I
(a)Give some suggestions to eliminate the problem of Regionalism.[15]
Answer
For full marks, cover: what regionalism is and which forms of it are a problem; why it arises, in brief (language, uneven development, jobs and migration, history, politics, Centre-State tension, isolation); suggestions to eliminate its harmful forms, grouped by who acts: the Constitution and the law, federal institutions, economic planning, special provisions for backward regions, language and culture policy, education and the media, political parties, civil society and citizens; examples of what has worked; the limits of elimination; a conclusion.
The problem
Regionalism is the political assertion of loyalty to a region, a part of the country with its own language, culture, history or economy. Loyalty to one's region is natural, and a fair claim on resources and recognition is ordinary democratic politics. The munotes Sociology book draws the line at hostility. Regionalism becomes a problem when it turns into hostility towards people of other regions or violence against migrants. Bitter inter-State disputes and demands that threaten the unity of the nation are also harmful forms. The aim of any remedy is therefore not to destroy regional identity but to remove its harmful forms.
Why harmful regionalism arises
- Language. Fear that a dominant language will swamp one's own has produced strong movements. Examples range from the fast of Potti Sriramulu in 1952 to the agitation against Hindi in 1965.
- Uneven development. Regions left behind in industry, irrigation, schools and jobs feel neglected and exploited.
- Jobs and migration. Local youth may see migrants from other States as rivals, as in the sons-of-the-soil movement of the Shiv Sena, founded in 1966.
- History and culture. Memories of separate kingdoms and distinct traditions keep regional identity strong.
- Political mobilisation. Leaders and parties can win votes by stirring regional pride and resentment.
- Centre-State tension. A sense that the Centre interferes or treats a State unfairly in funds strengthens regional feeling.
- Isolation. Distance and weak links, as in parts of the North East, feed a sense of being outside the nation.
Suggestions to eliminate harmful regionalism
1. Constitutional rights and their enforcement
- Article 15(1) forbids discrimination against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
- Article 19(1)(d) and (e) give every citizen the right to move freely throughout India and to reside and settle anywhere in it.
- Article 29(1) protects the right of any section of citizens to conserve its distinct language, script or culture.
These rights should be firmly enforced, so that no State or group can treat citizens from elsewhere as outsiders.
2. Law against hatred and violence
Section 196 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 punishes promoting enmity between groups on grounds that include place of birth, residence and language. Prompt and impartial use of this law, and of ordinary criminal law against violence towards migrants, would deter hostile campaigns.
3. Federal institutions for dialogue
- Zonal Councils, set up under the States Reorganisation Act 1956 and chaired by the Union Home Minister, bring neighbouring States together.
- The Inter-State Council under Article 263, first set up in 1990 on the recommendation of the Sarkaria Commission, can discuss disputes and common policies.
- Article 262 allows Parliament to provide for settling inter-State river disputes through tribunals.
These bodies should meet regularly and be used to settle disputes before they turn into public quarrels.
4. Balanced regional development
The most lasting cure for regionalism is to remove the grievance that feeds it. Planning should direct investment, roads, irrigation, industries and colleges to backward regions. Central revenue should be shared fairly and transparently among States, so that no region feels cheated.
5. Special provisions for backward regions
The Constitution already allows special arrangements. Article 371J was inserted by the Constitution (Ninety-eighth Amendment) Act 2012. It provides for a development board, a fair share of funds and reservation in education and jobs for the Hyderabad-Karnataka region of Karnataka. The Fifth and Sixth Schedules protect tribal areas. Similar targeted measures can meet the grievances of other neglected regions within the constitutional framework.
6. Respect for languages and cultures
Regional languages should be respected in schools, administration and courts, through the Eighth Schedule and State language policies under Article 345. Article 350A asks States to provide primary education in the mother tongue for children of linguistic minorities. When people feel their language and culture are secure, they have less reason to fear others.
7. Education and the media
School syllabuses should teach the history, languages and cultures of all regions, and students should learn about the contribution of every part of India. Exchange programmes for students and teachers, national youth programmes and inter-State cultural festivals help people know one another. The media should report regional disputes responsibly and avoid stirring hatred.
8. Responsible politics
Parties should not seek votes by turning local people against settlers from other States. National parties should give real voice to regional concerns, so that regional parties are not the only channel for grievances. Leaders should settle regional demands through negotiation, commissions and the courts rather than agitation.
9. Civil society and citizens
Citizens have a duty under Article 51A to promote harmony beyond regional differences. Trade unions, professional bodies, religious organisations and residents' associations can bring people of different regions together. In cities, newcomers and long-time residents can be drawn into common neighbourhood life.
10. Better integration of distant regions
Roads, railways, air links and the internet should reach the North East and other remote areas, along with fair representation in national institutions. A sense of belonging grows when people can travel, trade and work across the country easily.
11. Fair representation in national life
Every region should see itself represented in national institutions: the civil services, the armed forces, the judiciary, universities and national teams. When people from all regions rise to national positions, the nation feels like a shared home rather than the property of a few regions.
What has worked
India's experience shows that accommodation works better than suppression. The creation of linguistic States in 1956 met a powerful demand and largely ended the language agitations of that period. New States such as Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand in 2000, and Telangana in 2014, answered long-standing grievances of backwardness and neglect. Special provisions such as Article 371J show how regional claims can be met within the Constitution.
The limits of elimination
Regional identity cannot and should not be eliminated, because it reflects real differences of language, culture and history. What can be eliminated is regional hostility. A federal democracy must allow regions to pursue their interests peacefully. It must also prevent them from harming citizens of other regions or the unity of the nation.
Suggestions at a glance
| Who acts | Suggestion |
|---|---|
| Constitution and courts | Enforce Articles 15(1), 19(1)(d) and (e), 29(1) |
| Law and police | Use section 196 BNS and criminal law against hate and violence |
| Federal institutions | Zonal Councils; Inter-State Council; river tribunals |
| Planners | Balanced development; fair sharing of revenue |
| Parliament | Special provisions such as Article 371J |
| States | Respect for languages; mother-tongue education |
| Schools and media | Teach all regions' cultures; responsible reporting |
| Who acts | Suggestion |
|---|---|
| Parties | No hate campaigns; dialogue on regional demands |
| Citizens | Promote harmony; welcome migrants |
Conclusion. Regionalism becomes harmful when regional loyalty turns into hostility towards others or a threat to unity. It can be overcome by enforcing constitutional rights, using the law against hatred and violence, and strengthening federal institutions for dialogue. Balanced development, special provisions such as Article 371J, respect for regional languages and cultures, and education and responsible media also help. So do responsible politics, active citizens and the better integration of distant regions. The goal is not to erase regional identity but to keep it compatible with a shared national loyalty.
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