BSc Nautical Sciences NAVIGATION IV Syllabus - Mumbai University 2026

Module I: Magnetic Compass: The construction of the magnetic

• compass and binnacle. Knowledge of Terrestrial Magnetism and Ship’s Magnetism (Permanent and induced etc.). The method of determination and compensation by means of components of the effects of a ship’s magnetic field on the magnetic compass. The approximate coefficients A,B,C,D, and E. Conditions which might produce coefficient A and E. Analysis of a table of deviation to obtain appropriate coefficients. Methods of obtaining a table of deviation. Calculations on the above. General principles of compass corrections and the method of correction for coefficient B,C, and D. Heeling error and its cause, effect and method of correction. Siting of compasseswith reference to the proximity of magnetic material and electrical appliances. Care and maintenance of liquid compasses. Calculation on the above.

Module II: Gyro Compass: The properties of the free gyroscope

• The relationship between applied force and precession. The effect of earth’s rotation on a free gyroscope. Drift, tilt and damping.Errors associated with gyro compasses including latitude, course and speed error, ballistic deflection and its relation to change of speed error. Latitude, course and speed correction, rolling error and how it is minimized. The principal parts of gyro compass, follow up and repeater systems.

Module III: Satellite navigation:General features of Navigational

• satellite. Orbits of Satellites. Full description of the Global Positioning System, (GPS and DGPS). Automatic Identification System (AIS): Operation as per Manual, precautions and limitations, care and maintenance Course Recorder: Explain working of course recorder, use, care and record keeping, Starting course recorder, Changing of paper of course recorder. Autopilot: Principle, functions, auto pilot alarm, Various settings of the auto-pilot for optimal Performance, Adaptive Autopilot. Use ofRate of Turn Indicator (ROTI) Long Range Identification and Tracking (LRIT): working principles and operating procedure

Module Practical

• Magnetic compass: Familiarization with various types of magnetic compasses used on Merchant ships. Routine maintenance of the compass. Gyro-compass: Familiarization with various types of Gyro-compasses used on Merchant ships. Explain procedure starting and stopping and routine maintenance.

Reference Books

This paper runs across both semesters of the year and the University prints one list of reference books for it, at the end of the second half. Her list is repeated here so that this half is not read as a paper she recommends no reading for.

• 1 Ships Magnetism & the Magnetic Compass F.G. Merrifield
• 2 Notes on Compass Work Kemp & Young
• 3 Radar and Electronic Navigation G.J. Sonnerberg
• 4 Shipborne Radar Capt. H. Subramanium
• 5 RADAR and ARPA Manual A.G. Bole & W.O. Dineley
• 6 The Ship’s Compass Klinker& Grant
• 7 Magnetic Compass Deviation & Correction W. Denne
• 8 Marine Gyro Compass for Ships Officers A. Frost
• 9 Radar Observer’s Handbook W. Burger
• 10 Marine Electronic Navigation by appleyard S.F. Appleyard
• 11 Electronic Aids to Navigation; Position Fixing L. Tetley & D. Calcutt
• 12 Ship’s Magnetic Compass Capt. Joseph & Capt. Rewari