BSc Nautical Sciences NAUTICAL PHYSICSand ELECTRONICS III Syllabus - Mumbai University 2026

Module I: Review of a. c. circuits

• Self inductance, inductive reactance, purely inductive circuit, a.c. through resistance and inductance, choke, numerical problems. Capacitance, capacitive reactance, purely capacitive circuit, a.c. through capacitance, and resistance, numerical problems. Impedance, admittance, a. c. through L-C-R circuit, series and parallel resonant circuits, power and power factor in a. c. circuits, numerical problems. Electrical Bridge Circuits: Bridge circuits, Wheatstone Bridge, Maxwell Inductance andCapacitance Bridges, De Sauty Bridge, Schering Bridge, Hay's Bridge, Definition of Q of coil, Applied Problems. Instrumentation: Calibration, Accuracy, Precision, Methods of measurement of temperature, pressure, Fluid flow, venturi tube, sound level meter, thermister and its application as heat sensors, transducers.

Module II: Modulation concepts

• Amplitude modulation, modulation index, power distribution in A. M. wave, linear modulation, square law modulation, diode modulator, transistor modulator, balance modulator, single side band generation, suppression of carrier. Frequency and phase modulation, F.M. wave, modulation index, side band in F. M., Reactance Modulator. Comparison of AM, FM & PM Demodulation Techniques: Demodulation of A.M. waves, diode detector, transistor modulator, detection efficiency, amplitude distortion. Demodulation of FM waves, frequency demodulator. Digital Communications: Types of pulse modulation, generation and demodulation of Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) waves, distortion in PAM, Pulse Duration (width) modulation (PWM or PDM). Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), generations and demodulation of PCM, direct FM transmitter, Armstrong FM system, mobile communication systems.

Module III: Wave propagation

• Basic electromagnetic spectrum, mechanism of wave propagation, field strength, propagation through troposphere, propagation models, radio horizon, troposphere monitoring techniques, sky – wave propagation, ionosphere, microwave links and other communication links, noise in communication systems. Radio receivers & Transmitters: Straight and regenerative receivers, turned RF receivers, superheterodyne receivers, AM receivers, stereo FM multiplexed reception, noise consideration, AM transmitter, FM transmitter Antennas: Resonant antenna, antenna gain, radiation resistance, impedance matching, feeders, resonant line feed, grounded antennas, higher frequency antennas, dipole arrays, Yagi – Uda antenna, Rhombic antenna, microwave antenna, active antenna, horn antenna, dielectric antenna. Radar Communication: Elements of radar system, radar range, limitations of radar, radar altimeters and beacons, interrogating radars, Instrument Landing System (ILS), Visual VHF Omni Range (VOR), Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN), Radio Direction Finding (RDF). Satellite Communication: Satellite links, eclipses, orbits and inclination, satellite construction, communication frequencies, domestic satellites, telemetry.

Module Practical

• EXPERIMENTS
• 1 Use of a C.R.O. – measurement of voltage, frequency, time & phase shift.
• 2 Low pass, High pass filters (R-C)
• 3 Band pass & Band stop filters (R-C)
• 4 Series & Parallel resonance (R-C-L) – Q factor
• 5 Class A Power Amplifier
• 6 Amplitude Modulation
• 7 Frequency Modulation
• 8 Pulse Code Modulation – Generator & Demodulator
• 9 Study of PLL
• 10 Diode as a peak detector for A.M. & F.M. NOTE: A minimum of 8 experiments are expected to be performed

Reference Books

This paper runs across both semesters of the year and the University prints one list of reference books for it, at the end of the second half. Her list is repeated here so that this half is not read as a paper she recommends no reading for.

• 1 Communication Electronics N.D. Deshpande, D.A. Deshpande
• 2 Operational Amplifiers & Linear integrated circuits Coughlin &Drscoll
• 3 Electronic Devices & Circuit Theory Coughlin & Driscoll
• 4 Basic Electronics – A text-lab Manual Zbar&Malvino