BSc Nautical Sciences NAUTICAL PHYSICS and ELECTRONICS I Syllabus - Mumbai University 2026

Module I: MECHANICS

• Review of Newton’s Law of motion. Circular motion, Centripetal and Centrifugal forces. Law of Gravitation. Work, Power and Energy, Potential and Kinetic Energy. Conservation of Energy, Conservation of linear momentum, Impulse, collision – direct and oblique impact. Explain and apply triangle and parallelogram law of forces. Centre of Mass and Centre of Gravity, Rotational Motion, Torque, Angular Momentum, conservation of angular momentum. Hydrostatics: - Archimedes Principle, upthrust, Buoyancy, Pressure at a depth. Atmospheric Pressure, Barometer. Hydrodynamics: - Streamlines, Turbulence, Pascal Law. Equation of continuity. Bernoulli’s equation: - Stability and Spin, Aerofoil, lift, Rotating cylinder ship. Surface Tension: - Capillarity, Angle of contact, Excess Pressure inside a bubble, Air bubbles in an oil tank. Oscillation: - S.H.M and its features, Typical examples – A helical spring, a pendulum. Damped & undamped oscillations, Forced oscillations (vibrations), Resonance.

Module II: SOUND & LIGHTS

• Velocity of sound, Effect of pressure, temperature and humidity on velocity of sound, Pitch, Quality & Loudness, The Decibel. Doppler Effect. Principle of Radar, echo sounder. Refraction of sound waves, Effect of wind & Temperature. Propagation of light, Shadows, Eclipses, Reflection of light at plane and curved surfaces, Rotation of a plane mirror, Refraction. Total internal reflection. Mirages. Optical fibre, the azimuth mirror, Periscope. Lenses, Image formation, Telescope, Prism Binocular. Explain why wheelhouse windows are required to be inclined.

Module III: HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS

• Transfer of Heat: Conduction, Convection and Radiation. Expansion of solids, liquids and gases and their effect on liquid cargoes. Equation of state for gases, isothermal and adiabatic processes. First law of Thermodynamics, Second law of Thermodynamics – Carnot cycle. The Heat engine and refrigerator, Concept of Entropy.

Module Practical

• EXPERIMENTS
• 1 Demonstration of block and tackle arrangements.
• 2 Demonstration of a Weston Differential pulley.
• 3 A single cantilever (loaded at one end). Determinations of Y.
• 4 Surface tension of liquid by capillary rise method.
• 5 Moment of Inertia of Flywheel and Frictional Torque.
• 6 Velocity of sound in air (Using a CRO).
• 7 Use of CRO to study the characteristics of an audio oscillator (Frequency, Period, Amplitude).
• 8 Study of Laser: Interference and diffraction due to a single and double slit.
• 9 Stefan’s Law of radiation using a filament lamp.
• 10 Thermistor as a Thermometer.
• 11 Determination of angle of repose of grains
• 12 Determine focal length of combination of lenses. NOTE: A minimum of 8 experiments are expected to be performed

Reference Books

This paper runs across both semesters of the year and the University prints one list of reference books for it, at the end of the second half. Her list is repeated here so that this half is not read as a paper she recommends no reading for.

• 1 Electronic Principles Malvino, TMH
• 2 Electronic Devices and Circuits Boylestead & Nashelsky
• 3 Physics – Classical & Modern Gettys, Keller, Skove
• 4 University Physics Young, Sears & Zemansky
• 5 Electricity & Magnetism Brijlal & Subramanium
• 6 Physics Part II Halliday & Resnick
• 7 Modern Physics B.L. Thareja
• 8 Basic Electronics B.L. Thareja Books for Practical for Paper I & II
• 1 Advanced level Practical Physics M. Nelkon & J.M. Ogborn
• 2 Electronics – A Test Lab Manual Zabar Objective: - The subject will develop basics of Principles of Navigation / Practical Navigation and Voyage Planning & Collision Prevention.