SPPU Solved Question Papers
International Relations
Previous Year Question Paper with Solution
B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) · Sem 4
Apr 2025 Examination
munotes.in
Mumbai
B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) Sem 4 International Relations Apr 2025 Question Paper with Solutions
First published on munotes.in on 6 November 2026.
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Contents
The questions below are the paper as Savitribai Phule Pune University set it at the Apr 2025 examination, in the order it was set.
MarksPage
The Paper as Set
The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the Apr 2025 examination, reproduced as Savitribai Phule Pune University set them, in the order it set them. Nothing has been reworded, added or left out. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.
Duration 3 hours · Total marks 70 · 13 questions answered
How to use this volume
Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.
SECTION I
PART A
Answer any TWO · 30 Marks
Q1)Define Behavioural Actors. Discuss with appropriate examples their role in the International Relations.[15]
Answer
For full marks, cover: the meaning of actors in international relations (the units whose behaviour shapes world politics); the behavioural view that studies how actors actually behave; the kinds of actors: states, intergovernmental organisations, non-governmental organisations, multinational companies, terrorist and criminal groups, religious and ethnic movements, the media and individuals; the role of each, with examples; how the role of actors has changed; and a conclusion.
Meaning
Actors in international relations are the units whose decisions and behaviour shape world politics. The behavioural approach grew in the 1950s and 1960s. It shifted attention from formal institutions and law to how these actors actually behave: their interests, perceptions, decisions and interactions. It studies leaders, governments, groups and organisations as they act in practice.
The main actors and their roles
- States. The sovereign state is still the main actor. It makes war and peace, signs treaties, joins organisations and controls territory and people. Example: India's policy of non-alignment, and its role in the G20 and BRICS.
- Intergovernmental organisations (IGOs). Bodies created by states, such as the UN, the WTO, the WHO, the EU and SAARC. They make rules, settle disputes and provide forums. Example: UN peacekeeping missions, to which India sends many troops.
- Non-governmental organisations (NGOs). Private bodies working across borders. Examples: Amnesty International reports human rights abuses, and the Red Cross protects victims of war. The International Campaign to Ban Landmines helped bring about the Ottawa Treaty (1997).
- Multinational companies (MNCs). Firms that operate in many countries move capital and technology and lobby governments. Example: electronics firms shifting manufacturing to India influence trade and investment policy.
- Terrorist groups. Non-state groups that use violence for political aims. Example: the attacks of 11 September 2001 changed world politics. Cross-border terrorism shapes India's security policy.
- Transnational criminal networks: drug cartels, arms smugglers and traffickers.
- Religious and ethnic movements and diasporas. Example: the Indian diaspora influences India's relations with the United States and Gulf countries.
- The media and social media, which shape public opinion, as in the Arab Spring of 2011.
- Individuals. Leaders, diplomats and eminent persons can change events. Example: the role of leaders at summits, or of mediators in peace talks.
How the role of actors has changed
- Realists treated the state as the only important actor.
- Liberals and pluralists, such as Keohane and Nye, showed that many non-state actors matter, in a world of complex interdependence.
- Globalisation and technology have increased the power of non-state actors, but states still make law, sign treaties and use force.
Interaction among actors
Actors rarely act alone. States work through IGOs, NGOs lobby states, and companies shape trade talks. Climate negotiations, for example, involve governments, UN bodies, businesses, scientists and campaign groups together.
Conclusion. Actors in international relations include states, intergovernmental organisations, NGOs, multinational companies, terrorist and criminal groups, diasporas, the media and individuals. The behavioural approach studies how they actually behave. States remain central, but a full understanding of world politics must include all these actors and their interactions.
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