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B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) Sem 3 Society in India Oct 2025 Question Paper with Solutions

SPPU Solved Question Papers

Society in India

Previous Year Question Paper with Solution

B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) · Sem 3

Oct 2025 Examination

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Mumbai

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First published on munotes.in on 6 November 2026.

Published by munotes.in, Mumbai.

Model answers written and edited by the munotes.in editorial desk.

Passages from this volume may be quoted, in print, online or by an AI system, with credit: name munotes.in and link to this volume's page. The volume may not be reproduced as a whole. Full terms at munotes.in/content-license.

munotes.in is an independent study resource for students of Savitribai Phule Pune University. It is not affiliated with Savitribai Phule Pune University, and is not endorsed by it.

The University does not publish an official answer key for this paper. The answers in this volume are model answers, written to show how a full-mark answer is built. They are a study aid, not an authority on what an examiner marked.

The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by Savitribai Phule Pune University at the Oct 2025 examination.

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Contents

The questions below are the paper as Savitribai Phule Pune University set it at the Oct 2025 examination, in the order it was set.

MarksPage

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The Paper as Set

The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the Oct 2025 examination, reproduced as Savitribai Phule Pune University set them, in the order it set them. Nothing has been reworded, added or left out. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.

Duration 3 hours  ·  Total marks 70  ·  13 questions answered

How to use this volume

Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.

Read the original question paper

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SECTION I

PART A

Answer any TWO · 30 Marks

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Q1)Define Family. Discuss the functions and dysfunctions of Family.[15]

Answer

For full marks, cover: the definition of family (Burgess and Locke; Murdock's four elements); its characteristics; its functions: essential (reproduction, maintenance, socialisation, regulation of sex, status, emotional support) and non-essential (economic, educational, religious, recreational, protective), with the transfer of functions to other institutions; its dysfunctions (patriarchy and gender inequality, domestic violence, child abuse, dowry, conflict, neglect of the aged, transmission of inequality); the changing Indian family; and a conclusion.

1. Definition

The family is the basic social group of society. Burgess and Locke defined it as a group of persons united by marriage, blood or adoption, constituting a single household. Its members interact in their social roles and create a common culture. Murdock found four elements in every family: common residence, economic co-operation, reproduction, and a socially approved sexual relationship.

2. Characteristics

  1. Universality: found in every society.
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  1. Emotional basis: love, affection and care.
  2. Formative influence on the child.
  3. Limited size.
  4. Nuclear position in the social structure.
  5. Responsibility of members to one another.
  6. Social regulation by custom and law.
  7. Permanent as an institution, though each family is temporary.

3. Functions

(a) Essential functions (Ogburn and Nimkoff).

  1. Reproduction: continuation of society.
  2. Physical maintenance: food, shelter and care of children.
  3. Socialisation: the family is the first agency that teaches language, values and norms.
  4. Regulation of sexual behaviour.
  5. Status ascription: a child inherits caste, class and religion from the family.
  6. Emotional support and security.

(b) Non-essential functions.

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  1. Economic: the family was once a unit of production; now it is mainly a unit of consumption.
  2. Educational: early education, now largely taken over by schools.
  3. Religious: rituals and moral training.
  4. Recreational: shared leisure.
  5. Protective: care of the sick, aged and disabled.

Transfer of functions. Many of these functions have passed to other institutions. Production has gone to firms, education to schools and health to hospitals. Care of the aged has passed to pensions and the State, and protection to the police and courts. Where the family gave up a function, an institution and a body of law often appeared to take it.

4. Dysfunctions

  1. Patriarchy and gender inequality: women may have unequal power, unpaid work and less education.
  2. Domestic violence against women, children and the elderly. The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005 responds to it.
  3. Dowry and dowry-related harassment.
  4. Child abuse and neglect, and child marriage.
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  1. Family conflict, divorce and separation, which affect children.
  2. Neglect of the aged, as families become smaller and mobile.
  3. Transmission of inequality: privileges and disadvantages of caste and class pass from parents to children.
  4. Restriction of individual freedom, especially in choice of marriage and career.

5. The changing Indian family

The joint family is giving way to nuclear families, especially in cities. Women's education and work, migration, and laws on marriage and property have changed family relations. Yet kinship ties remain strong, and the family still provides care and support.

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Conclusion

Conclusion. The family is a universal group united by marriage, blood or adoption, sharing a home, economic co-operation, reproduction and an approved sexual relationship. It performs essential functions of reproduction, care, socialisation and emotional support, though many non-essential functions have passed to other institutions. It also has dysfunctions, such as patriarchy, violence, dowry and the transmission of inequality, which the law now seeks to correct.

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The rest of the answers

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