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Criminology and Penology
Previous Year Question Paper with Solution
LLB 3 years · Sem 4
2021-22 Examination
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LLB 3 years Sem 4 Criminology and Penology 2021-22 Question Paper with Solutions
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First published on munotes.in on 24 October 2026.
Published by munotes.in, Mumbai.
Model answers written and edited by the munotes.in editorial desk.
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The University does not publish an official answer key for this paper. The answers in this volume are model answers, written to show how a full-mark answer is built. They are a study aid, not an authority on what an examiner marked.
The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by the University of Mumbai at the 2021-22 examination.
The law in these answers is stated as at October 2026. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita and Sakshya Adhiniyam replaced the IPC, the CrPC and the Evidence Act on 1 July 2024, so older papers that cite the old sections are answered under the new ones. The Juvenile Justice Act, 2015 repealed the Act of 2000 (s.111). The Maharashtra Prisons (Furlough and Parole) Rules, 2024 superseded the Rules of 1959, and on 4 May 2026 the Bombay High Court struck down their requirement of one year of actual imprisonment before regular parole (Vinodkumar Chellappan Pillai v. State of Maharashtra). Food adulteration now falls under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006, which repealed the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954.
Contents
The questions below are the paper as the University of Mumbai set it at the 2021-22 examination, in the order it was set.
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The Paper as Set
The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the 2021-22 examination, reproduced as the University of Mumbai set them, in the order it set them. Nothing has been reworded, added or left out. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.
30 questions answered
How to use this volume
Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.
SECTION I
Multiple choice questions
(1)According to the deterrence theory, people avoid committing crimes because of all of the following EXCEPT: (A) they are afraid of getting caught (B) they have a deep moral sense (C) they know there are penalties (D) they fear swift, certain and severe punishments
Answer
The answer is (B), they have a deep moral sense.
The deterrent theory says people keep away from crime out of fear of punishment. Salmond put it so: "Punishment is before all things deterrent". On this theory a person weighs the pain the law threatens against the gain he expects from the crime, and refrains when the pain is greater.
Why (B) is the exception. A deep moral sense is an inner restraint. A person who does not steal because he believes stealing is wrong would refrain even if no punishment existed. That is conscience, not deterrence. It belongs to morality and to the reformative idea of building character, not to the fear on which deterrence works.
Why the other options fit deterrence:
- (A) Fear of being caught. Beccaria held that crimes are prevented more by the certainty of punishment than by its severity, and certainty begins with being caught.
- (C) Knowledge of penalties. A penalty deters only if people know of it, which is why the law must be published and clear.
- (D) Fear of swift, certain and severe punishment. These are the three features of a deterrent penalty: swiftness, certainty and severity.
So every option except (B) describes fear of punishment, and (B) describes conscience.
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