Mumbai University Solved Question Papers
Criminology and Penology
Previous Year Question Paper with Solution
LLB 3 years · Sem 4
Jun 2019 Examination
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LLB 3 years Sem 4 Criminology and Penology Jun 2019 Question Paper with Solutions
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First published on munotes.in on 24 October 2026.
Published by munotes.in, Mumbai.
Model answers written and edited by the munotes.in editorial desk.
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The University does not publish an official answer key for this paper. The answers in this volume are model answers, written to show how a full-mark answer is built. They are a study aid, not an authority on what an examiner marked.
The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by the University of Mumbai at the Jun 2019 examination.
The law in these answers is stated as at October 2026. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita and Sakshya Adhiniyam replaced the IPC, the CrPC and the Evidence Act on 1 July 2024, so older papers that cite the old sections are answered under the new ones. The Juvenile Justice Act, 2015 repealed the Act of 2000 (s.111). The Maharashtra Prisons (Furlough and Parole) Rules, 2024 superseded the Rules of 1959, and on 4 May 2026 the Bombay High Court struck down their requirement of one year of actual imprisonment before regular parole (Vinodkumar Chellappan Pillai v. State of Maharashtra). Food adulteration now falls under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006, which repealed the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954.
Contents
The questions below are the paper as the University of Mumbai set it at the Jun 2019 examination, in the order it was set.
MarksPage
MarksPage
The Paper as Set
The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the Jun 2019 examination, reproduced as the University of Mumbai set them, in the order it set them. Nothing has been reworded, added or left out. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.
Duration 3 hours · Total marks 100 · 25 questions answered
Instructions printed on the paper
- N.B: Please check whether you have got the right question paper. (1) All questions are compulsory. (2) Figures to the right indicate full marks.
How to use this volume
Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.
Q.1
Q.1: Write in one line only
20 Marks - 2 marks each
(a)What do you mean by victimology?[2]
Answer
Victimology is the branch of criminology that studies the victims of crime. It asks who becomes a victim and why, and what the relationship is between the offender and the victim. It also studies the harm the victim suffers, and how the criminal justice system treats and helps the victim.
Its origin. It began with Hans von Hentig's The Criminal and His Victim (1948). He observed that in every crime "there are always two partners: the perpetrator and the victim", and that the victim sometimes helps to bring the crime about.
Its two senses.
- In the narrow sense, it studies the victim's part in the crime and the offender-victim relationship.
- In the broad sense, it also covers the victim's needs and rights: compensation, support and a voice in the trial.
In Indian law. The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 defines a "victim" as a person who has suffered loss or injury caused by the accused. The word includes the victim's guardian or legal heir (s.2(1)(y)). The Sanhita provides a victim compensation scheme (s.396). Internationally, the United Nations set out victims' rights in the Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power (General Assembly resolution 40/34, 1985). The Supreme Court has said that "the rights of victims, and indeed victimology, is an evolving jurisprudence" (Mallikarjun Kodagali v. State of Karnataka, (2019) 2 SCC 752).
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