Mumbai University Solved Question Papers
Criminology and Penology
Previous Year Question Paper with Solution
LLB 3 years · Sem 4
Nov 2022 - 60/40 Examination
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LLB 3 years Sem 4 Criminology and Penology Nov 2022 - 60/40 Question Paper with Solutions
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First published on munotes.in on 24 October 2026.
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Model answers written and edited by the munotes.in editorial desk.
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The University does not publish an official answer key for this paper. The answers in this volume are model answers, written to show how a full-mark answer is built. They are a study aid, not an authority on what an examiner marked.
The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by the University of Mumbai at the Nov 2022 - 60/40 examination.
The law in these answers is stated as at October 2026. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita and Sakshya Adhiniyam replaced the IPC, the CrPC and the Evidence Act on 1 July 2024, so older papers that cite the old sections are answered under the new ones. The Juvenile Justice Act, 2015 repealed the Act of 2000 (s.111). The Maharashtra Prisons (Furlough and Parole) Rules, 2024 superseded the Rules of 1959, and on 4 May 2026 the Bombay High Court struck down their requirement of one year of actual imprisonment before regular parole (Vinodkumar Chellappan Pillai v. State of Maharashtra). Food adulteration now falls under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006, which repealed the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954.
Contents
The questions below are the paper as the University of Mumbai set it at the Nov 2022 - 60/40 examination, in the order it was set.
MarksPage
MarksPage
The Paper as Set
The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the Nov 2022 - 60/40 examination, reproduced as the University of Mumbai set them, in the order it set them. Nothing has been reworded, added or left out. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.
Duration 2 hours · Total marks 60 · 22 questions answered
How to use this volume
Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.
I
Q.1: Answer in not more than two sentences, any 6
12 Marks - 2 marks each
(1)Under which Act a prisoner failing without sufficient cause to observe any of the conditions on which parole was granted to him shall be deemed to have committed a prison offence?[2]
Answer
Under the Prisons Act, 1894, as amended in Maharashtra. Section 48A, inserted by Bombay Act XXVII of 1953, provides: "If any prisoner fails without sufficient cause to observe any of the conditions on which his sentence was suspended or remitted or furlough was granted to him, he shall be deemed to have committed a prison offence".
Why it covers parole. Parole is a temporary release made by suspending the sentence. The Maharashtra Prisons (Furlough and Parole) Rules, 2024 define parole as "temporary release of a convicted prisoner from a prison, suspending his sentence for a short period of time". So a breach of parole conditions falls within s.48A.
The punishment. The Superintendent first takes the prisoner's explanation. He may then punish the offence by a formal warning, by loss of privileges under the remission or furlough system, or by loss of other privileges the State Government directs.
Other consequences. Under the 2024 Rules a breach may also lead to recall, forfeiture of the security, and prosecution under BNS s.262 if he fails to surrender. Orissa inserted a similar section in its version of the 1894 Act.
The principle. Parole rests on trust. The prisoner promises to keep the conditions, such as staying at a fixed address, reporting to the police and returning on time. A breach of that trust is treated as an offence against prison discipline, because the prisoner is still serving his sentence while out.
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