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Criminology and Penology
Previous Year Question Paper with Solution
LLB 3 years · Sem 4
Jun 2018 Examination
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LLB 3 years Sem 4 Criminology and Penology Jun 2018 Question Paper with Solutions
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First published on munotes.in on 24 October 2026.
Published by munotes.in, Mumbai.
Model answers written and edited by the munotes.in editorial desk.
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The University does not publish an official answer key for this paper. The answers in this volume are model answers, written to show how a full-mark answer is built. They are a study aid, not an authority on what an examiner marked.
The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by the University of Mumbai at the Jun 2018 examination.
The law in these answers is stated as at October 2026. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita and Sakshya Adhiniyam replaced the IPC, the CrPC and the Evidence Act on 1 July 2024, so older papers that cite the old sections are answered under the new ones. The Juvenile Justice Act, 2015 repealed the Act of 2000 (s.111). The Maharashtra Prisons (Furlough and Parole) Rules, 2024 superseded the Rules of 1959, and on 4 May 2026 the Bombay High Court struck down their requirement of one year of actual imprisonment before regular parole (Vinodkumar Chellappan Pillai v. State of Maharashtra). Food adulteration now falls under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006, which repealed the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954.
Contents
The questions below are the paper as the University of Mumbai set it at the Jun 2018 examination, in the order it was set.
MarksPage
MarksPage
The Paper as Set
The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the Jun 2018 examination, reproduced as the University of Mumbai set them, in the order it set them. Nothing has been reworded, added or left out. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.
Duration 3 hours · Total marks 100 · 25 questions answered
Instructions printed on the paper
- N.B: Please check whether you have the right question paper. (1) All questions are compulsory. (2) All questions carry equal marks.
How to use this volume
Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.
Q.1
Q.1: Answer in not more than two sentences
20 Marks - 2 marks each
(a)Who are criminals according to Lombroso?[2]
Answer
According to Cesare Lombroso, founder of the positive school, criminals are not all alike. They form "a graduated scale leading from the born criminal to the normal individual". His main kinds are these.
- The born criminal. "An atavistic being who reproduces in his person the ferocious instincts of primitive humanity and the inferior animals". He carries physical marks, or stigmata, such as large jaws and handle-shaped ears. Lombroso put born criminals at "about one third of the mass of offenders".
- The insane criminal, whose crime springs from mental disease, including the epileptic.
- The criminaloid, a weaker type who commits crime when an occasion or "adequate cause" arises.
- The criminal of passion, driven to a single crime by love, jealousy, honour or anger.
- The occasional criminal, or pseudo-criminal, an ordinary person drawn into crime by circumstances.
Treatment by type. Each kind called for its own treatment. Born criminals and the morally insane were to be confined in special institutions, "or at any rate segregated for life". For criminaloids, "a healthy environment, careful training, habits of industry" could keep them straight. The criminal of passion, who rarely offends again, needed little punishment.
Why it matters. Lombroso turned attention from the crime to the criminal, and called for treatment fitted to each type. Later research, especially Goring's in 1913, found no physical criminal type, so the born criminal is now rejected.
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