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Criminology and Penology
Previous Year Question Paper with Solution
LLB 3 years · Sem 4
May 2016 Examination
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LLB 3 years Sem 4 Criminology and Penology May 2016 Question Paper with Solutions
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First published on munotes.in on 24 October 2026.
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Model answers written and edited by the munotes.in editorial desk.
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The University does not publish an official answer key for this paper. The answers in this volume are model answers, written to show how a full-mark answer is built. They are a study aid, not an authority on what an examiner marked.
The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by the University of Mumbai at the May 2016 examination.
The law in these answers is stated as at October 2026. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita and Sakshya Adhiniyam replaced the IPC, the CrPC and the Evidence Act on 1 July 2024, so older papers that cite the old sections are answered under the new ones. The Juvenile Justice Act, 2015 repealed the Act of 2000 (s.111). The Maharashtra Prisons (Furlough and Parole) Rules, 2024 superseded the Rules of 1959, and on 4 May 2026 the Bombay High Court struck down their requirement of one year of actual imprisonment before regular parole (Vinodkumar Chellappan Pillai v. State of Maharashtra). Food adulteration now falls under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006, which repealed the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954.
Contents
The questions below are the paper as the University of Mumbai set it at the May 2016 examination, in the order it was set.
MarksPage
MarksPage
The Paper as Set
The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the May 2016 examination, reproduced as the University of Mumbai set them, in the order it set them. Nothing has been reworded, added or left out. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.
Duration 3 hours · Total marks 100 · 25 questions answered
Instructions printed on the paper
- N.B: (1) Answer the questions as per the instructions given below.
How to use this volume
Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.
1.
Q.1: Answer in not more than two sentences
20 Marks - 2 marks each
(a)What is penology?[2]
Answer
Penology is the study of how society deals with offenders after a crime has been committed. It asks why and how society punishes them, how it treats and reforms them, and what other means it uses to stop them offending again. Sutherland divided criminology into three parts: the sociology of law, criminal aetiology (the study of the causes of crime), and penology, which is "concerned with the control of crime".
Its scope:
- the theories of punishment (deterrent, preventive, retributive, reformative);
- the kinds of punishment, including capital punishment;
- prisons and the treatment of prisoners;
- probation, parole and community service; and
- after-care of released offenders.
Its development. Penology has moved from cruel and arbitrary punishments to proportionate ones (the classical school), and then from the offence to the offender (the positive school). Saleilles called the modern aim the individualisation of punishment, by the law, by the judge and by the prison administration.
Sutherland thought the name "unsatisfactory" because much of the field is not penal at all, such as probation and after-care. That is why the subject is increasingly called correctional administration. In India the change shows in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, which adds community service to the list of punishments (s.4(f)).
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