Mumbai University Solved Question Papers
Criminology and Penology
Previous Year Question Paper with Solution
LLB 3 years · Sem 4
May 2024 - 75/25 Examination
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LLB 3 years Sem 4 Criminology and Penology May 2024 - 75/25 Question Paper with Solutions
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First published on munotes.in on 24 October 2026.
Published by munotes.in, Mumbai.
Model answers written and edited by the munotes.in editorial desk.
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The University does not publish an official answer key for this paper. The answers in this volume are model answers, written to show how a full-mark answer is built. They are a study aid, not an authority on what an examiner marked.
The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by the University of Mumbai at the May 2024 - 75/25 examination.
The law in these answers is stated as at October 2026. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita and Sakshya Adhiniyam replaced the IPC, the CrPC and the Evidence Act on 1 July 2024, so older papers that cite the old sections are answered under the new ones. The Juvenile Justice Act, 2015 repealed the Act of 2000 (s.111). The Maharashtra Prisons (Furlough and Parole) Rules, 2024 superseded the Rules of 1959, and on 4 May 2026 the Bombay High Court struck down their requirement of one year of actual imprisonment before regular parole (Vinodkumar Chellappan Pillai v. State of Maharashtra). Food adulteration now falls under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006, which repealed the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954.
Contents
The questions below are the paper as the University of Mumbai set it at the May 2024 - 75/25 examination, in the order it was set.
MarksPage
MarksPage
The Paper as Set
The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the May 2024 - 75/25 examination, reproduced as the University of Mumbai set them, in the order it set them. Nothing has been reworded, added or left out. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.
Duration 2½ hours · Total marks 75 · 21 questions answered
How to use this volume
Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.
Q.1
Q.1: Answer the following questions in one or two sentences, any six
12 Marks - 2 marks each
(a)Write two causes of Corruption.[2]
Answer
Corruption is the misuse of public office or trust for private gain, such as taking a bribe to do or not do an official act. Two main causes are these.
- Greed combined with opportunity. Corruption is a crime of greed, not need. Officials and businessmen who already have enough still take more when the chance comes. The chance comes from wide discretion with little record or check: power to grant a licence, a contract or a permission, or to register or drop a case.
- A low risk of being caught and punished. Where procedures are slow and complex, investigation needs prior approval, and convictions are rare, the corrupt expect to escape. Political protection, which Sutherland called graft, adds to that confidence.
Other causes: low pay and insecure postings for officials, political pressure, too many laws enforced selectively, and public willingness to pay to get work done.
The law's response. The Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 punishes a public servant who obtains or accepts an "undue advantage" to perform a public duty improperly, with three to seven years (s.7). Illicit enrichment is criminal misconduct punishable with four to ten years (s.13). The giver of a bribe is also punishable (s.8). Transparency, records and independent investigation reduce the opportunity and raise the risk.
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