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KSLU B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) Semester 6: Notes and Solved Previous Year Question Papers 2026

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  1. Family Law II (Mohammedan Law and Indian Succession Act)

    Official Notes munotes.in

    Family Law II (Mohammedan Law and Indian Succession Act)

    KSLU B.A. LL.B. (FIVE YEARS) · SEMESTER 6

    Strictly as per the revised 2018-19 syllabus of Karnataka State Law University

    For students of Karnataka State Law University and all its affiliated law colleges

    munotes.in Third Year

    Family Law II (Mohammedan Law and Indian Succession Act)

    Copyright © 2026 munotes.in. All rights reserved.

    Written and first published by munotes.in, 2026.

    This book is for individual students to read at munotes.in. No part of it may be reproduced, distributed, stored, translated or used for institutional or classroom purposes in any form without a prior written licence from munotes.in.

    Licensing and permissions: contact@munotes.in

    The text of statutes and of judgments reproduced in this book is in the public domain under section 52(1)(q) of the Copyright Act 1957. The commentary, arrangement, examples and questions are the original work of munotes.in.

    munotes.in is an independent study resource for students of Karnataka State Law University and its affiliated law colleges. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or officially connected to Karnataka State Law University. Course names and university references describe the students and syllabus the material relates to.

    munotes.in

    Contents

    Module I

    1. Family Law II: What This Paper Covers, and How to Read This Book 1
    2. The Advent of Islam and the Growth of Muslim Law in India 5
    3. Why Muslim Law Divides Into Schools 9
    4. The Hanafi School 13
    5. The Maliki, Shafii and Hanbali Schools 17
    6. The Shia Schools 21
    7. Who Muslim Law Applies To, and Who Decides 25
    8. Conversion and Its Consequences on the Family: Marriage, Guardianship and Succession 30
    9. Why a Legal System Needs Sources at All 34
    10. The Quran 37
    11. The Sunna 41
    12. Ijma, the Consensus of the Jurists 44
    13. Qiyas, Analogical Deduction 48
    14. Custom and Usage 52
    15. Judicial Precedent, Legislation, and Equity 56
    16. Marriage Under Muslim Law: Contract or Sacrament 60
    17. The Essential Requisites of a Valid Muslim Marriage 65
    18. Capacity to Marry, and the Prohibited Relationships 70
    19. Valid, Void and Irregular Marriages 75
    munotes.in

    Contents continued

    Module I continued

    1. What Follows From a Void or an Irregular Marriage 79
    2. Muta, the Marriage for a Fixed Term 83
    3. Polygamy and Child Marriage: Custom and State Regulation 87
    4. The Option of Puberty 92
    5. Mehr: What It Is and Why the Law Insists On It 96
    6. The Classification of Mehr 100
    7. The Wife's Remedies for Unpaid Dower 104

    Module II

    1. Parentage and Legitimacy 110
    2. The Presumption of Legitimacy 114
    3. Acknowledgement of Paternity 119
    4. Guardianship: What It Is and What Kinds There Are 126
    5. Guardianship of the Person, and Hizanat 131
    6. Guardianship of Property, and the De Facto Guardian 137
    7. Disqualification, Removal and Discharge of a Guardian 144
    8. Which Court, and What Can Be Appealed 150
    9. The Ways a Muslim Marriage Can End 154
    10. Dissolution by the Death of a Spouse 158
    11. Talaq, and Why Muslim Law Permits Divorce 162
    munotes.in

    Contents continued

    Module II continued

    1. Who May Pronounce Talaq, and When It Takes Effect 166
    2. Oral Talaq and Talaq in Writing 171
    3. Talaq al Sunna: Ahsan and Hasan 175
    4. Talaq al Biddat, the Triple Pronouncement 179
    5. Shayara Bano v. Union of India 184
    6. The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act 2019 189
    7. Talaq e Tafwid, the Delegated Divorce 194
    8. Khula 199
    9. Mubarat 204
    10. Ila, the Vow of Abstinence 207
    11. Zihar, the Injurious Comparison 211
    12. Lian, the False Charge of Adultery 215
    13. Judicial Dissolution Before the Act of 1939 219
    14. The Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act 1939: The Nine Grounds 223
    15. Apostasy, Notice to the Husband, and the Rest of the 1939 Act 229
    16. What Follows a Dissolution 234
    17. Iddat 238
    18. Halala 242
    munotes.in

    Contents continued

    Module II continued

    1. The Divorce Act 1869: Scheme and Jurisdiction 246
    2. Dissolution of a Christian Marriage 254
    3. Divorce by Mutual Consent, and Why Section 10A Had to Be Inserted 263
    4. Nullity of a Christian Marriage 270
    5. Judicial Separation and Restitution of Conjugal Rights 277
    6. Protection Orders 285
    7. Alimony and Settlements 293
    8. Custody of Children, and Remarriage 302
    9. Court Procedure and the Remaining Provisions 310
    10. Maintenance: The General Principles 319
    11. Who Is Entitled to Maintenance Under Muslim Law 323
    12. Maintenance From a Magistrate: Section 144 of the Sanhita 327
    13. Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum 333
    14. The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act 1986 337
    15. Danial Latifi v. Union of India 344
    16. Maintenance: The Law As It Stands Now 348

    Module III

    1. The Muslim Will (Wasiyat): Meaning, Capacity and the Limits on It 353
    munotes.in

    Contents continued

    Module III continued

    1. Will and Gift Compared, and Gifts and Wills Made on a Death-Bed 357
    2. Hiba: The Three Essentials of a Muslim Gift 361
    3. Kinds of Gift, and What Is Not a Hiba 366
    4. Musha, and Gifts With Conditions Attached 371
    5. Revocation of a Gift 376
    6. Waqf, and Who a Mutawalli Is 380
    7. The Duties of a Mutawalli 386
    8. The Mutawalli's Statutory Duties: Registration, Budget and Accounts 391
    9. Alienation of Waqf Property 397
    10. Appointment and Removal of a Mutawalli 403
    11. What the Legislation of 2025 Changed 409
    12. Pre-emption: The Nature of the Right 416
    13. Who May Pre-empt, and How the Right Is Exercised and Lost 421

    Module IV

    1. The Muslim Law of Inheritance: The General Principles 426
    2. Sunni Inheritance: The Sharers 431
    3. Sunni Inheritance: Residuaries and Distant Kindred 436
    4. Return (Radd) and Increase (Aul) 440
    munotes.in

    Contents continued

    Module IV continued

    1. Shia Inheritance: The Three Classes of Heirs 443
    2. The Indian Succession Act 1925: What It Does and Who It Binds 446
    3. The Scheme of the Act, Part by Part 453
    4. Domicile: Why the Act Starts Here 459
    5. Domicile of Origin 465
    6. Domicile of Choice 471
    7. The Domicile of a Married Woman, a Minor and a Lunatic 478
    8. What Marriage Does and Does Not Do to Property 485
    9. Consanguinity 492
    10. Intestate Succession: What Intestacy Means 499
    11. The Share of a Widow or Widower 506
    12. Distribution Among Lineal Descendants 513
    13. Where There Is No Lineal Descendant 520
    14. Intestate Succession Among Parsis 528
    15. Who Represents the Estate 537
    16. Probate and Letters of Administration 544
    17. Which Court Grants, and When a Grant Is Revoked 554
    18. The Executor's Powers and Duties, and the Distribution of the Estate 564
    munotes.in

    Contents continued

    Module IV continued

    1. Succession Certificates, and the End of the Act 577

    Module V

    1. Wills: What One Is and Who May Make One 587
    2. How an Unprivileged Will Is Executed 596
    3. Privileged Wills 604
    4. The Attesting Witness 612
    5. Revocation, Alteration and Revival of a Will 618
    6. Construing a Will: The Words the Testator Used 628
    7. Construing a Will: Reading It as a Whole 637
    8. Bequests to Heirs, Representatives and Classes 646
    9. The Residuary Legatee 656
    10. When a Legacy Lapses 662
    11. Void Bequests: The Unborn Person, Perpetuity and Accumulation 670
    12. Bequests to Religious and Charitable Uses: Section 118 and What Happened to It 679
    13. When a Legacy Vests 686
    14. Onerous Bequests 695
    15. Conditional Bequests 702
    16. Directions That Follow an Absolute Bequest 712
    munotes.in

    Contents continued

    Module V continued

    1. Specific Legacies 720
    2. Demonstrative Legacies 729
    3. Ademption of Legacies 736
    4. Who Bears the Cost, and Bequests Described in General Terms 745
    5. Annuities, and a Legacy Alongside a Debt or a Portion 753
    6. Election 761
    7. Protecting the Property of a Deceased Person 771
    8. The Family Courts Act: Object, Establishment and Judges 778
    9. The Jurisdiction of a Family Court 783
    10. Procedure, Settlement, Evidence and the Right to a Lawyer 788
    11. Judgment, Appeal, and the Administration of Gender Justice 795
    12. The Uniform Civil Code: Article 44 and Religious Pluralism 801
    13. Impediments to a Uniform Civil Code, and the Optional Code 812
    munotes.in

    Page 1 onwards

    munotes.in

    822 pages in this book. The cover and the contents are above. Everything from page one is in the pass.

    Notes
    2026 Edition, as per the latest syllabus. 822 pages.
    Papers
    Previous year question paper solutions. 2026, 2025, 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011
    Every chapter in the notes: 137 chapters across 5 modules

    Module I 26 chapters

    1. 1 Family Law II: What This Paper Covers, and How to Read This Book pages 1 to 4
    2. 2 The Advent of Islam and the Growth of Muslim Law in India pages 5 to 8
    3. 3 Why Muslim Law Divides Into Schools pages 9 to 12
    4. 4 The Hanafi School pages 13 to 16
    5. 5 The Maliki, Shafii and Hanbali Schools pages 17 to 20
    6. 6 The Shia Schools pages 21 to 24
    7. 7 Who Muslim Law Applies To, and Who Decides pages 25 to 29
    8. 8 Conversion and Its Consequences on the Family: Marriage, Guardianship and Succession pages 30 to 33
    9. 9 Why a Legal System Needs Sources at All pages 34 to 36
    10. 10 The Quran pages 37 to 40
    11. 11 The Sunna pages 41 to 43
    12. 12 Ijma, the Consensus of the Jurists pages 44 to 47
    13. 13 Qiyas, Analogical Deduction pages 48 to 51
    14. 14 Custom and Usage pages 52 to 55
    15. 15 Judicial Precedent, Legislation, and Equity pages 56 to 59
    16. 16 Marriage Under Muslim Law: Contract or Sacrament pages 60 to 64
    17. 17 The Essential Requisites of a Valid Muslim Marriage pages 65 to 69
    18. 18 Capacity to Marry, and the Prohibited Relationships pages 70 to 74
    19. 19 Valid, Void and Irregular Marriages pages 75 to 78
    20. 20 What Follows From a Void or an Irregular Marriage pages 79 to 82
    21. 21 Muta, the Marriage for a Fixed Term pages 83 to 86
    22. 22 Polygamy and Child Marriage: Custom and State Regulation pages 87 to 91
    23. 23 The Option of Puberty pages 92 to 95
    24. 24 Mehr: What It Is and Why the Law Insists On It pages 96 to 99
    25. 25 The Classification of Mehr pages 100 to 103
    26. 26 The Wife's Remedies for Unpaid Dower pages 104 to 109

    Module II 45 chapters

    1. 27 Parentage and Legitimacy pages 110 to 113
    2. 28 The Presumption of Legitimacy pages 114 to 118
    3. 29 Acknowledgement of Paternity pages 119 to 125
    4. 30 Guardianship: What It Is and What Kinds There Are pages 126 to 130
    5. 31 Guardianship of the Person, and Hizanat pages 131 to 136
    6. 32 Guardianship of Property, and the De Facto Guardian pages 137 to 143
    7. 33 Disqualification, Removal and Discharge of a Guardian pages 144 to 149
    8. 34 Which Court, and What Can Be Appealed pages 150 to 153
    9. 35 The Ways a Muslim Marriage Can End pages 154 to 157
    10. 36 Dissolution by the Death of a Spouse pages 158 to 161
    11. 37 Talaq, and Why Muslim Law Permits Divorce pages 162 to 165
    12. 38 Who May Pronounce Talaq, and When It Takes Effect pages 166 to 170
    13. 39 Oral Talaq and Talaq in Writing pages 171 to 174
    14. 40 Talaq al Sunna: Ahsan and Hasan pages 175 to 178
    15. 41 Talaq al Biddat, the Triple Pronouncement pages 179 to 183
    16. 42 Shayara Bano v. Union of India pages 184 to 188
    17. 43 The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act 2019 pages 189 to 193
    18. 44 Talaq e Tafwid, the Delegated Divorce pages 194 to 198
    19. 45 Khula pages 199 to 203
    20. 46 Mubarat pages 204 to 206
    21. 47 Ila, the Vow of Abstinence pages 207 to 210
    22. 48 Zihar, the Injurious Comparison pages 211 to 214
    23. 49 Lian, the False Charge of Adultery pages 215 to 218
    24. 50 Judicial Dissolution Before the Act of 1939 pages 219 to 222
    25. 51 The Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act 1939: The Nine Grounds pages 223 to 228
    26. 52 Apostasy, Notice to the Husband, and the Rest of the 1939 Act pages 229 to 233
    27. 53 What Follows a Dissolution pages 234 to 237
    28. 54 Iddat pages 238 to 241
    29. 55 Halala pages 242 to 245
    30. 56 The Divorce Act 1869: Scheme and Jurisdiction pages 246 to 253
    31. 57 Dissolution of a Christian Marriage pages 254 to 262
    32. 58 Divorce by Mutual Consent, and Why Section 10A Had to Be Inserted pages 263 to 269
    33. 59 Nullity of a Christian Marriage pages 270 to 276
    34. 60 Judicial Separation and Restitution of Conjugal Rights pages 277 to 284
    35. 61 Protection Orders pages 285 to 292
    36. 62 Alimony and Settlements pages 293 to 301
    37. 63 Custody of Children, and Remarriage pages 302 to 309
    38. 64 Court Procedure and the Remaining Provisions pages 310 to 318
    39. 65 Maintenance: The General Principles pages 319 to 322
    40. 66 Who Is Entitled to Maintenance Under Muslim Law pages 323 to 326
    41. 67 Maintenance From a Magistrate: Section 144 of the Sanhita pages 327 to 332
    42. 68 Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum pages 333 to 336
    43. 69 The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act 1986 pages 337 to 343
    44. 70 Danial Latifi v. Union of India pages 344 to 347
    45. 71 Maintenance: The Law As It Stands Now pages 348 to 352

    Module III 14 chapters

    1. 72 The Muslim Will (Wasiyat): Meaning, Capacity and the Limits on It pages 353 to 356
    2. 73 Will and Gift Compared, and Gifts and Wills Made on a Death-Bed pages 357 to 360
    3. 74 Hiba: The Three Essentials of a Muslim Gift pages 361 to 365
    4. 75 Kinds of Gift, and What Is Not a Hiba pages 366 to 370
    5. 76 Musha, and Gifts With Conditions Attached pages 371 to 375
    6. 77 Revocation of a Gift pages 376 to 379
    7. 78 Waqf, and Who a Mutawalli Is pages 380 to 385
    8. 79 The Duties of a Mutawalli pages 386 to 390
    9. 80 The Mutawalli's Statutory Duties: Registration, Budget and Accounts pages 391 to 396
    10. 81 Alienation of Waqf Property pages 397 to 402
    11. 82 Appointment and Removal of a Mutawalli pages 403 to 408
    12. 83 What the Legislation of 2025 Changed pages 409 to 415
    13. 84 Pre-emption: The Nature of the Right pages 416 to 420
    14. 85 Who May Pre-empt, and How the Right Is Exercised and Lost pages 421 to 425

    Module IV 23 chapters

    1. 86 The Muslim Law of Inheritance: The General Principles pages 426 to 430
    2. 87 Sunni Inheritance: The Sharers pages 431 to 435
    3. 88 Sunni Inheritance: Residuaries and Distant Kindred pages 436 to 439
    4. 89 Return (Radd) and Increase (Aul) pages 440 to 442
    5. 90 Shia Inheritance: The Three Classes of Heirs pages 443 to 445
    6. 91 The Indian Succession Act 1925: What It Does and Who It Binds pages 446 to 452
    7. 92 The Scheme of the Act, Part by Part pages 453 to 458
    8. 93 Domicile: Why the Act Starts Here pages 459 to 464
    9. 94 Domicile of Origin pages 465 to 470
    10. 95 Domicile of Choice pages 471 to 477
    11. 96 The Domicile of a Married Woman, a Minor and a Lunatic pages 478 to 484
    12. 97 What Marriage Does and Does Not Do to Property pages 485 to 491
    13. 98 Consanguinity pages 492 to 498
    14. 99 Intestate Succession: What Intestacy Means pages 499 to 505
    15. 100 The Share of a Widow or Widower pages 506 to 512
    16. 101 Distribution Among Lineal Descendants pages 513 to 519
    17. 102 Where There Is No Lineal Descendant pages 520 to 527
    18. 103 Intestate Succession Among Parsis pages 528 to 536
    19. 104 Who Represents the Estate pages 537 to 543
    20. 105 Probate and Letters of Administration pages 544 to 553
    21. 106 Which Court Grants, and When a Grant Is Revoked pages 554 to 563
    22. 107 The Executor's Powers and Duties, and the Distribution of the Estate pages 564 to 576
    23. 108 Succession Certificates, and the End of the Act pages 577 to 586

    Module V 29 chapters

    1. 109 Wills: What One Is and Who May Make One pages 587 to 595
    2. 110 How an Unprivileged Will Is Executed pages 596 to 603
    3. 111 Privileged Wills pages 604 to 611
    4. 112 The Attesting Witness pages 612 to 617
    5. 113 Revocation, Alteration and Revival of a Will pages 618 to 627
    6. 114 Construing a Will: The Words the Testator Used pages 628 to 636
    7. 115 Construing a Will: Reading It as a Whole pages 637 to 645
    8. 116 Bequests to Heirs, Representatives and Classes pages 646 to 655
    9. 117 The Residuary Legatee pages 656 to 661
    10. 118 When a Legacy Lapses pages 662 to 669
    11. 119 Void Bequests: The Unborn Person, Perpetuity and Accumulation pages 670 to 678
    12. 120 Bequests to Religious and Charitable Uses: Section 118 and What Happened to It pages 679 to 685
    13. 121 When a Legacy Vests pages 686 to 694
    14. 122 Onerous Bequests pages 695 to 701
    15. 123 Conditional Bequests pages 702 to 711
    16. 124 Directions That Follow an Absolute Bequest pages 712 to 719
    17. 125 Specific Legacies pages 720 to 728
    18. 126 Demonstrative Legacies pages 729 to 735
    19. 127 Ademption of Legacies pages 736 to 744
    20. 128 Who Bears the Cost, and Bequests Described in General Terms pages 745 to 752
    21. 129 Annuities, and a Legacy Alongside a Debt or a Portion pages 753 to 760
    22. 130 Election pages 761 to 770
    23. 131 Protecting the Property of a Deceased Person pages 771 to 777
    24. 132 The Family Courts Act: Object, Establishment and Judges pages 778 to 782
    25. 133 The Jurisdiction of a Family Court pages 783 to 787
    26. 134 Procedure, Settlement, Evidence and the Right to a Lawyer pages 788 to 794
    27. 135 Judgment, Appeal, and the Administration of Gender Justice pages 795 to 800
    28. 136 The Uniform Civil Code: Article 44 and Religious Pluralism pages 801 to 811
    29. 137 Impediments to a Uniform Civil Code, and the Optional Code pages 812 to 822
    Every paper that is solved: 32 papers
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  2. Company Law

    Official Notes munotes.in

    Company Law

    KSLU B.A. LL.B. (FIVE YEARS) · SEMESTER 6

    Strictly as per the revised 2018-19 syllabus of Karnataka State Law University

    For students of Karnataka State Law University and all its affiliated law colleges

    munotes.in Third Year

    Company Law

    Copyright © 2026 munotes.in. All rights reserved.

    Written and first published by munotes.in, 2026.

    This book is for individual students to read at munotes.in. No part of it may be reproduced, distributed, stored, translated or used for institutional or classroom purposes in any form without a prior written licence from munotes.in.

    Licensing and permissions: contact@munotes.in

    The text of statutes and of judgments reproduced in this book is in the public domain under section 52(1)(q) of the Copyright Act 1957. The commentary, arrangement, examples and questions are the original work of munotes.in.

    munotes.in is an independent study resource for students of Karnataka State Law University and its affiliated law colleges. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or officially connected to Karnataka State Law University. Course names and university references describe the students and syllabus the material relates to.

    munotes.in

    Contents

    Module I

    1. Company Law: What This Paper Covers, and How to Read This Book 1
    2. What a Company Is 5
    3. The Historical Development of Company Law 11
    4. The Characteristics of a Company 17
    5. Lifting the Corporate Veil 25
    6. Citizenship, Nationality and Residence of a Company 33
    7. Types of Companies by Liability and Membership 37
    8. Types of Companies by Control and Purpose 43
    9. Companies with Charitable Objects 49
    10. Producer Companies 55
    11. Government Companies, Registration Offices, Statistics and Nidhis 70
    12. Companies Incorporated Outside India 80
    13. Promoters: Position, Duties and Liabilities 91

    Module II

    1. Formation and Incorporation of Companies 98
    2. The Memorandum of Association 103
    3. The Doctrine of Ultra Vires 110
    4. The Articles of Association 116
    munotes.in

    Contents continued

    Module II continued

    1. Alteration of the Memorandum and the Articles 121
    2. The Registered Office and Service of Documents 128
    3. Commencement of Business 134
    4. Constructive Notice and Indoor Management 139
    5. Rectification of Name and Other Incidental Matters 146
    6. How a Company Raises Money: Public Offer and Private Placement 152
    7. What a Prospectus Is, and What It Must Say 157
    8. Kinds of Prospectus 164
    9. The Golden Rule, or Golden Legacy 171
    10. Civil Liability for Mis-statements in a Prospectus 176
    11. Criminal Liability, Fraudulent Inducement and Personation 182

    Module III

    1. Powers of the Board, and the Restrictions on Them 189
    2. Who is a Director, and the Director Identification Number 201
    3. Types of Directors 208
    4. Appointment and Reappointment of Directors 216
    5. Disqualification, Vacation of Office, Resignation and Removal 222
    6. Duties of Directors 231
    munotes.in

    Contents continued

    Module III continued

    1. Rights of Directors, and the Registers Kept About Them 238
    2. Loans to Directors 245
    3. Disclosure of Interest and Related Party Transactions 252
    4. Board Composition and Independent Directors 262
    5. Board Committees 275
    6. Other Provisions About the Board and its Officers 284
    7. Appointment of Key Managerial Personnel 293
    8. Managing Directors, Whole-Time Directors and Managers 300
    9. Remuneration of Managerial Personnel 311
    10. Kinds of Meetings: The Annual General Meeting and the Extraordinary General Meeting 324
    11. Notice, Quorum, Chairman and Proxy 333
    12. Voting and its Types, and Types of Resolutions 342
    13. Circulation of Members' Resolutions, and Minutes 351
    14. Resolutions to be Filed, and the Report on the Annual General Meeting 360
    15. Meetings of the Board and its Committees 367
    16. Majority Rule, Minority Rights and the Principle of Non-interference 374
    17. Prevention of Oppression and Mismanagement 382
    18. Class Action 394
    munotes.in

    Contents continued

    Module III continued

    1. Corporate Social Responsibility 403
    2. Corporate Governance 412
    3. Inspection, Inquiry and Investigation 421

    Module IV

    1. Kinds of Share Capital and the Nature of a Share 436
    2. Issue and Redemption of Preference Shares 442
    3. Sweat Equity, Share Premium and the Ban on Shares at a Discount 448
    4. Allotment of Securities 454
    5. Private Placement and Global Depository Receipts 460
    6. Share Certificates, Calls and Variation of Shareholders' Rights 467
    7. The Register of Members, and Significant Beneficial Owners 475
    8. Transfer and Transmission of Securities 486
    9. Power of a Limited Company to Alter its Share Capital 493
    10. Further Issue of Share Capital and Bonus Shares 499
    11. Reduction of Share Capital 506
    12. Restrictions on Purchase of Own Shares, and Buy-back 512
    13. Declaration and Payment of Dividend 520
    14. Debentures and the Power to Nominate 529
    munotes.in

    Contents continued

    Module IV continued

    1. Registration of Charges: Creation and Registration 537
    2. Fixed Charges, Floating Charges and Crystallisation 544
    3. Modification, Satisfaction and Rectification of Charges 551
    4. Acceptance of Deposits: What a Deposit Is and Who May Take One 559
    5. Repayment, Damages for Fraud, and Punishment 566

    Module V

    1. Compromises and Arrangements 573
    2. Mergers, Amalgamations and the Acquisition of Minority Shares 586
    3. Reconstruction and Rehabilitation of Companies 600
    4. The Tribunal and the Appellate Tribunal 606
    5. Winding Up: The Modern Map 619
    6. Winding Up by the Tribunal: The Petition and the Order 627
    7. The Company Liquidator 638
    8. Contributories, Calls and the Conduct of a Winding Up 650
    9. Provisions Applicable to Every Mode of Winding Up 662
    10. Official Liquidators, Records and the Close of a Winding Up 679
    11. Voluntary Liquidation under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code 692
    munotes.in

    Contents continued

    Module V continued

    1. Winding Up of Unregistered Companies 700
    munotes.in

    Page 1 onwards

    munotes.in

    707 pages in this book. The cover and the contents are above. Everything from page one is in the pass.

    Notes
    2026 Edition, as per the latest syllabus. 707 pages.
    Papers
    Previous year question paper solutions. 2026, 2025, 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012
    Every chapter in the notes: 86 chapters across 5 modules

    Module I 13 chapters

    1. 1 Company Law: What This Paper Covers, and How to Read This Book pages 1 to 4
    2. 2 What a Company Is pages 5 to 10
    3. 3 The Historical Development of Company Law pages 11 to 16
    4. 4 The Characteristics of a Company pages 17 to 24
    5. 5 Lifting the Corporate Veil pages 25 to 32
    6. 6 Citizenship, Nationality and Residence of a Company pages 33 to 36
    7. 7 Types of Companies by Liability and Membership pages 37 to 42
    8. 8 Types of Companies by Control and Purpose pages 43 to 48
    9. 9 Companies with Charitable Objects pages 49 to 54
    10. 10 Producer Companies pages 55 to 69
    11. 11 Government Companies, Registration Offices, Statistics and Nidhis pages 70 to 79
    12. 12 Companies Incorporated Outside India pages 80 to 90
    13. 13 Promoters: Position, Duties and Liabilities pages 91 to 97

    Module II 15 chapters

    1. 14 Formation and Incorporation of Companies pages 98 to 102
    2. 15 The Memorandum of Association pages 103 to 109
    3. 16 The Doctrine of Ultra Vires pages 110 to 115
    4. 17 The Articles of Association pages 116 to 120
    5. 18 Alteration of the Memorandum and the Articles pages 121 to 127
    6. 19 The Registered Office and Service of Documents pages 128 to 133
    7. 20 Commencement of Business pages 134 to 138
    8. 21 Constructive Notice and Indoor Management pages 139 to 145
    9. 22 Rectification of Name and Other Incidental Matters pages 146 to 151
    10. 23 How a Company Raises Money: Public Offer and Private Placement pages 152 to 156
    11. 24 What a Prospectus Is, and What It Must Say pages 157 to 163
    12. 25 Kinds of Prospectus pages 164 to 170
    13. 26 The Golden Rule, or Golden Legacy pages 171 to 175
    14. 27 Civil Liability for Mis-statements in a Prospectus pages 176 to 181
    15. 28 Criminal Liability, Fraudulent Inducement and Personation pages 182 to 188

    Module III 27 chapters

    1. 29 Powers of the Board, and the Restrictions on Them pages 189 to 200
    2. 30 Who is a Director, and the Director Identification Number pages 201 to 207
    3. 31 Types of Directors pages 208 to 215
    4. 32 Appointment and Reappointment of Directors pages 216 to 221
    5. 33 Disqualification, Vacation of Office, Resignation and Removal pages 222 to 230
    6. 34 Duties of Directors pages 231 to 237
    7. 35 Rights of Directors, and the Registers Kept About Them pages 238 to 244
    8. 36 Loans to Directors pages 245 to 251
    9. 37 Disclosure of Interest and Related Party Transactions pages 252 to 261
    10. 38 Board Composition and Independent Directors pages 262 to 274
    11. 39 Board Committees pages 275 to 283
    12. 40 Other Provisions About the Board and its Officers pages 284 to 292
    13. 41 Appointment of Key Managerial Personnel pages 293 to 299
    14. 42 Managing Directors, Whole-Time Directors and Managers pages 300 to 310
    15. 43 Remuneration of Managerial Personnel pages 311 to 323
    16. 44 Kinds of Meetings: The Annual General Meeting and the Extraordinary General Meeting pages 324 to 332
    17. 45 Notice, Quorum, Chairman and Proxy pages 333 to 341
    18. 46 Voting and its Types, and Types of Resolutions pages 342 to 350
    19. 47 Circulation of Members' Resolutions, and Minutes pages 351 to 359
    20. 48 Resolutions to be Filed, and the Report on the Annual General Meeting pages 360 to 366
    21. 49 Meetings of the Board and its Committees pages 367 to 373
    22. 50 Majority Rule, Minority Rights and the Principle of Non-interference pages 374 to 381
    23. 51 Prevention of Oppression and Mismanagement pages 382 to 393
    24. 52 Class Action pages 394 to 402
    25. 53 Corporate Social Responsibility pages 403 to 411
    26. 54 Corporate Governance pages 412 to 420
    27. 55 Inspection, Inquiry and Investigation pages 421 to 435

    Module IV 19 chapters

    1. 56 Kinds of Share Capital and the Nature of a Share pages 436 to 441
    2. 57 Issue and Redemption of Preference Shares pages 442 to 447
    3. 58 Sweat Equity, Share Premium and the Ban on Shares at a Discount pages 448 to 453
    4. 59 Allotment of Securities pages 454 to 459
    5. 60 Private Placement and Global Depository Receipts pages 460 to 466
    6. 61 Share Certificates, Calls and Variation of Shareholders' Rights pages 467 to 474
    7. 62 The Register of Members, and Significant Beneficial Owners pages 475 to 485
    8. 63 Transfer and Transmission of Securities pages 486 to 492
    9. 64 Power of a Limited Company to Alter its Share Capital pages 493 to 498
    10. 65 Further Issue of Share Capital and Bonus Shares pages 499 to 505
    11. 66 Reduction of Share Capital pages 506 to 511
    12. 67 Restrictions on Purchase of Own Shares, and Buy-back pages 512 to 519
    13. 68 Declaration and Payment of Dividend pages 520 to 528
    14. 69 Debentures and the Power to Nominate pages 529 to 536
    15. 70 Registration of Charges: Creation and Registration pages 537 to 543
    16. 71 Fixed Charges, Floating Charges and Crystallisation pages 544 to 550
    17. 72 Modification, Satisfaction and Rectification of Charges pages 551 to 558
    18. 73 Acceptance of Deposits: What a Deposit Is and Who May Take One pages 559 to 565
    19. 74 Repayment, Damages for Fraud, and Punishment pages 566 to 572

    Module V 12 chapters

    1. 75 Compromises and Arrangements pages 573 to 585
    2. 76 Mergers, Amalgamations and the Acquisition of Minority Shares pages 586 to 599
    3. 77 Reconstruction and Rehabilitation of Companies pages 600 to 605
    4. 78 The Tribunal and the Appellate Tribunal pages 606 to 618
    5. 79 Winding Up: The Modern Map pages 619 to 626
    6. 80 Winding Up by the Tribunal: The Petition and the Order pages 627 to 637
    7. 81 The Company Liquidator pages 638 to 649
    8. 82 Contributories, Calls and the Conduct of a Winding Up pages 650 to 661
    9. 83 Provisions Applicable to Every Mode of Winding Up pages 662 to 678
    10. 84 Official Liquidators, Records and the Close of a Winding Up pages 679 to 691
    11. 85 Voluntary Liquidation under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code pages 692 to 699
    12. 86 Winding Up of Unregistered Companies pages 700 to 707
    Every paper that is solved: 32 papers
    • 2026 Jan
    • 2025 Jun
    • 2025 Jan
    • 2024 Aug
    • 2023 Sep
    • 2023 Mar
    • 2022 Oct
    • 2022 Oct (100 marks)
    • 2022 Apr
    • 2022 Apr (LL.B. paper)
    • 2021 Oct
    • 2021 Oct (100 marks)
    • 2021 Mar
    • 2021 Mar (100 marks)
    • 2020 Nov
    • 2019 Dec
    • 2019 Jun
    • 2019 Jan
    • 2018 Dec
    • 2018 Jun
    • 2017 Dec
    • 2017 Jun
    • 2016 Dec
    • 2016 Jun
    • 2015 Dec
    • 2015 Jun
    • 2014 Dec
    • 2014 Jun
    • 2013 Dec
    • 2013 Jun
    • 2012 Dec
    • 2012 Jun

  3. Labour Law II

    Official Notes munotes.in

    Labour Law II

    KSLU B.A. LL.B. (FIVE YEARS) · SEMESTER 6

    Strictly as per the revised 2018-19 syllabus of Karnataka State Law University

    For students of Karnataka State Law University and all its affiliated law colleges

    munotes.in Third Year

    Labour Law II

    Copyright © 2026 munotes.in. All rights reserved.

    Written and first published by munotes.in, 2026.

    This book is for individual students to read at munotes.in. No part of it may be reproduced, distributed, stored, translated or used for institutional or classroom purposes in any form without a prior written licence from munotes.in.

    Licensing and permissions: contact@munotes.in

    The text of statutes and of judgments reproduced in this book is in the public domain under section 52(1)(q) of the Copyright Act 1957. The commentary, arrangement, examples and questions are the original work of munotes.in.

    munotes.in is an independent study resource for students of Karnataka State Law University and its affiliated law colleges. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or officially connected to Karnataka State Law University. Course names and university references describe the students and syllabus the material relates to.

    munotes.in

    Contents

    Module I

    1. Labour and Industrial Law II: What This Paper Covers, and How to Read This Book 1
    2. Labour Welfare and Social Welfare 4
    3. Social Security and Its Constitutional Dimensions 8
    4. The International Labour Organisation 14
    5. The ILO's Influence on Indian Labour Legislation 22
    6. From the Old Acts to the Codes: The History and Evolution of Social Security Law 30
    7. Object and Salient Features of the Code 35
    8. Definitions under the Social Security Code 44
    9. Employees Compensation: The Key Concepts 54
    10. Employer's Liability for Compensation 62
    11. The Amount of Compensation 72
    12. Review, Commutation and Distribution of Compensation 80
    13. Notice, Claim and Medical Examination 88
    14. Contracting, Strangers and Insolvency of the Employer 96
    15. The Competent Authority and Appeals 104

    Module II

    1. The Employees State Insurance Corporation 114
    2. ESI Coverage and Contributions 121
    munotes.in

    Contents continued

    Module II continued

    1. The Six ESI Benefits 127
    2. Employment Injury and Occupational Disease 136
    3. ESI Enforcement and Schemes for Others 145
    4. The Employees Insurance Court 151
    5. The Right to Maternity Benefit 158
    6. Medical Bonus, Miscarriage, Nursing Breaks and Creche 166
    7. Protection of Employment During Maternity 171
    8. Inspector-cum-Facilitators, Records and Wages 178

    Module III

    1. Registration and Cancellation of an Establishment 185
    2. The Social Security Organisations 189
    3. Working of the Social Security Organisations 196
    4. Employees Provident Fund: The Three Schemes 203
    5. Provident Fund Contributions and Accounts 209
    6. Assessment, Determination and Appeal 217
    7. Damages and Recovery of Amounts Due 224
    8. Offences and Penalties under the Social Security Code 231
    9. Gratuity: Entitlement and Continuous Service 239
    10. Gratuity: Nomination, Determination and Recovery 247
    munotes.in

    Contents continued

    Module III continued

    1. Rules, Overriding Effect and the Repeals 254

    Module IV

    1. Object and Salient Features of the OSH Code 263
    2. Definitions under the OSH Code 270
    3. Registration of Establishments 278
    4. Duties of the Employer 285
    5. Duties of Designers, Manufacturers and Architects 291
    6. Notices of Accidents, Dangerous Occurrences and Diseases 297
    7. Duties and Rights of the Employee 303
    8. The National and State OSH Advisory Boards 309
    9. Safety and Health Standards, Research and Committees 314
    10. The Employer's Responsibility for Health, Safety and Working Conditions 321
    11. Welfare Facilities in the Establishment 326
    12. Hours of Work, Holidays and Overtime 332
    13. Night Shifts, Overlapping Shifts and Double Employment 339
    14. Notice of Periods of Work and Annual Leave with Wages 344
    15. Registers, Records and Returns 350
    16. Inspector-cum-Facilitators: Appointment and Powers 355
    munotes.in

    Contents continued

    Module IV continued

    1. Third Party Audit, Special Powers and Secrecy 361
    2. Employment of Women under the OSH Code 369
    3. Audio-Visual Workers 375
    4. Factories: Approval, Licensing and the Occupier 383
    5. Hazardous Processes and Dangerous Operations 393
    6. The Right to Warn of Imminent Danger, and Appeals 404
    7. General Penalties and Obstruction 412
    8. Punishments for Contravention, Falsification and Disclosure 419
    9. Accidents, Mines Offences and Offences by Companies 428
    10. Limitation, Jurisdiction and Composition of Offences 440
    11. The Social Security Fund under the OSH Code 451
    12. The Social Security Fund, Aadhaar and Exemptions 457
    13. Social Security for Unorganised Workers 464
    14. Gig Workers and Platform Workers 470

    Module V

    1. Contract Labour: Application and the Designated Authority 478
    2. Licensing of Contractors 485
    3. The Principal Employer's Liability 494
    4. Prohibition of Contract Labour in Core Activities 501
    munotes.in

    Contents continued

    Module V continued

    1. Inter-State Migrant Workers 510
    2. Helpline, Study and Past Liabilities 520
    3. The Building and Construction Workers Cess 526
    4. Building Workers as Beneficiaries and the Welfare Fund 532
    5. Building and Other Construction Workers under the OSH Code 538
    6. Rules, Regulations, Bye-laws and the OSH Repeals 546
    munotes.in

    Page 1 onwards

    munotes.in

    557 pages in this book. The cover and the contents are above. Everything from page one is in the pass.

    Notes
    2026 Edition, as per the latest syllabus. 557 pages.
    Papers
    Previous year question paper solutions. 2026, 2025, 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2019
    Every chapter in the notes: 76 chapters across 5 modules

    Module I 15 chapters

    1. 1 Labour and Industrial Law II: What This Paper Covers, and How to Read This Book pages 1 to 3
    2. 2 Labour Welfare and Social Welfare pages 4 to 7
    3. 3 Social Security and Its Constitutional Dimensions pages 8 to 13
    4. 4 The International Labour Organisation pages 14 to 21
    5. 5 The ILO's Influence on Indian Labour Legislation pages 22 to 29
    6. 6 From the Old Acts to the Codes: The History and Evolution of Social Security Law pages 30 to 34
    7. 7 Object and Salient Features of the Code pages 35 to 43
    8. 8 Definitions under the Social Security Code pages 44 to 53
    9. 9 Employees Compensation: The Key Concepts pages 54 to 61
    10. 10 Employer's Liability for Compensation pages 62 to 71
    11. 11 The Amount of Compensation pages 72 to 79
    12. 12 Review, Commutation and Distribution of Compensation pages 80 to 87
    13. 13 Notice, Claim and Medical Examination pages 88 to 95
    14. 14 Contracting, Strangers and Insolvency of the Employer pages 96 to 103
    15. 15 The Competent Authority and Appeals pages 104 to 113

    Module II 10 chapters

    1. 16 The Employees State Insurance Corporation pages 114 to 120
    2. 17 ESI Coverage and Contributions pages 121 to 126
    3. 18 The Six ESI Benefits pages 127 to 135
    4. 19 Employment Injury and Occupational Disease pages 136 to 144
    5. 20 ESI Enforcement and Schemes for Others pages 145 to 150
    6. 21 The Employees Insurance Court pages 151 to 157
    7. 22 The Right to Maternity Benefit pages 158 to 165
    8. 23 Medical Bonus, Miscarriage, Nursing Breaks and Creche pages 166 to 170
    9. 24 Protection of Employment During Maternity pages 171 to 177
    10. 25 Inspector-cum-Facilitators, Records and Wages pages 178 to 184

    Module III 11 chapters

    1. 26 Registration and Cancellation of an Establishment pages 185 to 188
    2. 27 The Social Security Organisations pages 189 to 195
    3. 28 Working of the Social Security Organisations pages 196 to 202
    4. 29 Employees Provident Fund: The Three Schemes pages 203 to 208
    5. 30 Provident Fund Contributions and Accounts pages 209 to 216
    6. 31 Assessment, Determination and Appeal pages 217 to 223
    7. 32 Damages and Recovery of Amounts Due pages 224 to 230
    8. 33 Offences and Penalties under the Social Security Code pages 231 to 238
    9. 34 Gratuity: Entitlement and Continuous Service pages 239 to 246
    10. 35 Gratuity: Nomination, Determination and Recovery pages 247 to 253
    11. 36 Rules, Overriding Effect and the Repeals pages 254 to 262

    Module IV 30 chapters

    1. 37 Object and Salient Features of the OSH Code pages 263 to 269
    2. 38 Definitions under the OSH Code pages 270 to 277
    3. 39 Registration of Establishments pages 278 to 284
    4. 40 Duties of the Employer pages 285 to 290
    5. 41 Duties of Designers, Manufacturers and Architects pages 291 to 296
    6. 42 Notices of Accidents, Dangerous Occurrences and Diseases pages 297 to 302
    7. 43 Duties and Rights of the Employee pages 303 to 308
    8. 44 The National and State OSH Advisory Boards pages 309 to 313
    9. 45 Safety and Health Standards, Research and Committees pages 314 to 320
    10. 46 The Employer's Responsibility for Health, Safety and Working Conditions pages 321 to 325
    11. 47 Welfare Facilities in the Establishment pages 326 to 331
    12. 48 Hours of Work, Holidays and Overtime pages 332 to 338
    13. 49 Night Shifts, Overlapping Shifts and Double Employment pages 339 to 343
    14. 50 Notice of Periods of Work and Annual Leave with Wages pages 344 to 349
    15. 51 Registers, Records and Returns pages 350 to 354
    16. 52 Inspector-cum-Facilitators: Appointment and Powers pages 355 to 360
    17. 53 Third Party Audit, Special Powers and Secrecy pages 361 to 368
    18. 54 Employment of Women under the OSH Code pages 369 to 374
    19. 55 Audio-Visual Workers pages 375 to 382
    20. 56 Factories: Approval, Licensing and the Occupier pages 383 to 392
    21. 57 Hazardous Processes and Dangerous Operations pages 393 to 403
    22. 58 The Right to Warn of Imminent Danger, and Appeals pages 404 to 411
    23. 59 General Penalties and Obstruction pages 412 to 418
    24. 60 Punishments for Contravention, Falsification and Disclosure pages 419 to 427
    25. 61 Accidents, Mines Offences and Offences by Companies pages 428 to 439
    26. 62 Limitation, Jurisdiction and Composition of Offences pages 440 to 450
    27. 63 The Social Security Fund under the OSH Code pages 451 to 456
    28. 64 The Social Security Fund, Aadhaar and Exemptions pages 457 to 463
    29. 65 Social Security for Unorganised Workers pages 464 to 469
    30. 66 Gig Workers and Platform Workers pages 470 to 477

    Module V 10 chapters

    1. 67 Contract Labour: Application and the Designated Authority pages 478 to 484
    2. 68 Licensing of Contractors pages 485 to 493
    3. 69 The Principal Employer's Liability pages 494 to 500
    4. 70 Prohibition of Contract Labour in Core Activities pages 501 to 509
    5. 71 Inter-State Migrant Workers pages 510 to 519
    6. 72 Helpline, Study and Past Liabilities pages 520 to 525
    7. 73 The Building and Construction Workers Cess pages 526 to 531
    8. 74 Building Workers as Beneficiaries and the Welfare Fund pages 532 to 537
    9. 75 Building and Other Construction Workers under the OSH Code pages 538 to 545
    10. 76 Rules, Regulations, Bye-laws and the OSH Repeals pages 546 to 557
    Every paper that is solved: 16 papers
    • 2026 Jan
    • 2026 Jan (100 marks)
    • 2025 Jun
    • 2025 Jan
    • 2024 Aug
    • 2023 Sep
    • 2023 Mar
    • 2022 Oct
    • 2022 Oct (70 marks)
    • 2022 Apr
    • 2022 Apr (100 marks)
    • 2021 Oct
    • 2021 Mar
    • 2019 Dec
    • 2019 Dec (100 marks)
    • 2019 Jun

  4. Property Law

    Official Notes munotes.in

    Property Law

    KSLU B.A. LL.B. (FIVE YEARS) · SEMESTER 6

    Strictly as per the revised 2018-19 syllabus of Karnataka State Law University

    For students of Karnataka State Law University and all its affiliated law colleges

    munotes.in Third Year

    Property Law

    Copyright © 2026 munotes.in. All rights reserved.

    Written and first published by munotes.in, 2026.

    This book is for individual students to read at munotes.in. No part of it may be reproduced, distributed, stored, translated or used for institutional or classroom purposes in any form without a prior written licence from munotes.in.

    Licensing and permissions: contact@munotes.in

    The text of statutes and of judgments reproduced in this book is in the public domain under section 52(1)(q) of the Copyright Act 1957. The commentary, arrangement, examples and questions are the original work of munotes.in.

    munotes.in is an independent study resource for students of Karnataka State Law University and its affiliated law colleges. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or officially connected to Karnataka State Law University. Course names and university references describe the students and syllabus the material relates to.

    munotes.in

    Contents

    Module I

    1. Property Law: What This Paper Covers, and How to Read This Book 1
    2. What Property Means, and Movable against Immovable Property 4
    3. The Interpretation Clause: Attestation, Notice and the Words the Act Runs On 9
    4. How the Act Is Arranged, and What It Does Not Cover 15
    5. Transfer of Property Defined 20
    6. What May Be Transferred 24
    7. Persons Competent to Transfer 32
    8. What Passes with a Transfer, and When Writing Is Required 36
    9. Conditions Restraining Alienation, and Restrictions Repugnant to the Interest Created 41
    10. Transfer for the Benefit of an Unborn Person 47
    11. The Rule Against Perpetuity 52
    12. Direction for Accumulation 58
    13. Vested Interest and Contingent Interest 62
    14. Conditional Transfers: Conditions Precedent and Subsequent 68

    Module II

    1. Election 75
    2. Apportionment 81
    munotes.in

    Contents continued

    Module II continued

    1. Transfer by a Person Authorised Only in Certain Circumstances, and Property Charged with Maintenance 86
    2. Restrictive Covenants: When an Obligation Runs with the Land 91
    3. Transfer by an Ostensible Owner 96
    4. Transfer by a Person Having Authority to Revoke a Former Transfer 102
    5. Feeding the Grant by Estoppel 105
    6. Transfers by Co-owners and by Persons Having Distinct Interests 110
    7. Priority of Rights Created by Transfer, and Rent Paid to a Holder under a Defective Title 115
    8. Improvements Made by a Bona Fide Holder under a Defective Title 120
    9. Lis Pendens 125
    10. Fraudulent Transfer 131
    11. Part Performance 136

    Module III

    1. Mortgage Defined, and the Six Kinds of Mortgage 144
    2. How a Mortgage Is Made 149
    3. The Right of Redemption, and Clogs on It 153
    4. Accession, Improvements, Renewed Leases and the Mortgagor's Power to Lease 159
    munotes.in

    Contents continued

    Module III continued

    1. Rights and Liabilities of the Mortgagee 165
    2. The Mortgagee in Possession 172
    3. Priority, Contribution and Marshalling among Mortgagees 178
    4. Subrogation, and the Abolition of Tacking 184
    5. Suits for Foreclosure, Sale and Redemption 189
    6. Charges 194

    Module IV

    1. Sale Defined, and How a Sale Is Made 199
    2. Rights and Liabilities of Buyer and Seller 204
    3. Marshalling by a Subsequent Purchaser 211
    4. Discharge of Incumbrances on Sale 215
    5. Lease Defined, and How a Lease Is Made 219
    6. Rights and Liabilities of Lessor and Lessee 224
    7. Transfer of the Lessor's Interest, and Computing the Term 230
    8. Determination of a Lease, Forfeiture and Relief 234
    9. Exchange 241
    10. Actionable Claims 245
    11. Gift 251
    munotes.in

    Contents continued

    Module V

    1. What a Trust Is: Definitions and the Parties 257
    2. Trust Compared with Debt, Ownership, Bailment, Agency and Contract 261
    3. Kinds of Trusts 266
    4. The Trust: The Indian Trusts Act, and the Certainties a Deed Must Satisfy 270
    5. Obligations in the Nature of Trusts: Resulting and Constructive Trusts 276
    6. Appointment of Trustees 281
    7. The Duties of Trustees 285
    8. The Liabilities of Trustees for Breach of Trust 289
    9. The Rights and Powers of Trustees 293
    10. The Disabilities of Trustees 298
    11. The Rights and Liabilities of the Beneficiary 302
    12. Vacating the Office of Trustee 307
    13. The Extinction and Revocation of Trusts 310
    munotes.in

    Page 1 onwards

    munotes.in

    312 pages in this book. The cover and the contents are above. Everything from page one is in the pass.

    Notes
    2026 Edition, as per the latest syllabus. 312 pages.
    Papers
    Previous year question paper solutions. 2026, 2025, 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011
    Every chapter in the notes: 61 chapters across 5 modules

    Module I 14 chapters

    1. 1 Property Law: What This Paper Covers, and How to Read This Book pages 1 to 3
    2. 2 What Property Means, and Movable against Immovable Property pages 4 to 8
    3. 3 The Interpretation Clause: Attestation, Notice and the Words the Act Runs On pages 9 to 14
    4. 4 How the Act Is Arranged, and What It Does Not Cover pages 15 to 19
    5. 5 Transfer of Property Defined pages 20 to 23
    6. 6 What May Be Transferred pages 24 to 31
    7. 7 Persons Competent to Transfer pages 32 to 35
    8. 8 What Passes with a Transfer, and When Writing Is Required pages 36 to 40
    9. 9 Conditions Restraining Alienation, and Restrictions Repugnant to the Interest Created pages 41 to 46
    10. 10 Transfer for the Benefit of an Unborn Person pages 47 to 51
    11. 11 The Rule Against Perpetuity pages 52 to 57
    12. 12 Direction for Accumulation pages 58 to 61
    13. 13 Vested Interest and Contingent Interest pages 62 to 67
    14. 14 Conditional Transfers: Conditions Precedent and Subsequent pages 68 to 74

    Module II 13 chapters

    1. 15 Election pages 75 to 80
    2. 16 Apportionment pages 81 to 85
    3. 17 Transfer by a Person Authorised Only in Certain Circumstances, and Property Charged with Maintenance pages 86 to 90
    4. 18 Restrictive Covenants: When an Obligation Runs with the Land pages 91 to 95
    5. 19 Transfer by an Ostensible Owner pages 96 to 101
    6. 20 Transfer by a Person Having Authority to Revoke a Former Transfer pages 102 to 104
    7. 21 Feeding the Grant by Estoppel pages 105 to 109
    8. 22 Transfers by Co-owners and by Persons Having Distinct Interests pages 110 to 114
    9. 23 Priority of Rights Created by Transfer, and Rent Paid to a Holder under a Defective Title pages 115 to 119
    10. 24 Improvements Made by a Bona Fide Holder under a Defective Title pages 120 to 124
    11. 25 Lis Pendens pages 125 to 130
    12. 26 Fraudulent Transfer pages 131 to 135
    13. 27 Part Performance pages 136 to 143

    Module III 10 chapters

    1. 28 Mortgage Defined, and the Six Kinds of Mortgage pages 144 to 148
    2. 29 How a Mortgage Is Made pages 149 to 152
    3. 30 The Right of Redemption, and Clogs on It pages 153 to 158
    4. 31 Accession, Improvements, Renewed Leases and the Mortgagor's Power to Lease pages 159 to 164
    5. 32 Rights and Liabilities of the Mortgagee pages 165 to 171
    6. 33 The Mortgagee in Possession pages 172 to 177
    7. 34 Priority, Contribution and Marshalling among Mortgagees pages 178 to 183
    8. 35 Subrogation, and the Abolition of Tacking pages 184 to 188
    9. 36 Suits for Foreclosure, Sale and Redemption pages 189 to 193
    10. 37 Charges pages 194 to 198

    Module IV 11 chapters

    1. 38 Sale Defined, and How a Sale Is Made pages 199 to 203
    2. 39 Rights and Liabilities of Buyer and Seller pages 204 to 210
    3. 40 Marshalling by a Subsequent Purchaser pages 211 to 214
    4. 41 Discharge of Incumbrances on Sale pages 215 to 218
    5. 42 Lease Defined, and How a Lease Is Made pages 219 to 223
    6. 43 Rights and Liabilities of Lessor and Lessee pages 224 to 229
    7. 44 Transfer of the Lessor's Interest, and Computing the Term pages 230 to 233
    8. 45 Determination of a Lease, Forfeiture and Relief pages 234 to 240
    9. 46 Exchange pages 241 to 244
    10. 47 Actionable Claims pages 245 to 250
    11. 48 Gift pages 251 to 256

    Module V 13 chapters

    1. 49 What a Trust Is: Definitions and the Parties pages 257 to 260
    2. 50 Trust Compared with Debt, Ownership, Bailment, Agency and Contract pages 261 to 265
    3. 51 Kinds of Trusts pages 266 to 269
    4. 52 The Trust: The Indian Trusts Act, and the Certainties a Deed Must Satisfy pages 270 to 275
    5. 53 Obligations in the Nature of Trusts: Resulting and Constructive Trusts pages 276 to 280
    6. 54 Appointment of Trustees pages 281 to 284
    7. 55 The Duties of Trustees pages 285 to 288
    8. 56 The Liabilities of Trustees for Breach of Trust pages 289 to 292
    9. 57 The Rights and Powers of Trustees pages 293 to 297
    10. 58 The Disabilities of Trustees pages 298 to 301
    11. 59 The Rights and Liabilities of the Beneficiary pages 302 to 306
    12. 60 Vacating the Office of Trustee pages 307 to 309
    13. 61 The Extinction and Revocation of Trusts pages 310 to 312
    Every paper that is solved: 37 papers
    • 2026 Jan
    • 2026 Jan (100 marks)
    • 2025 Jun
    • 2025 Jun (100 marks)
    • 2025 Jan
    • 2024 Aug
    • 2023 Mar
    • 2022 Oct
    • 2022 Oct (100 marks)
    • 2022 Apr
    • 2022 Apr (70 marks)
    • 2022 Mar
    • 2021 Oct
    • 2021 Oct (100 marks)
    • 2021 Mar
    • 2021 Mar (70 marks)
    • 2021 Mar (100 marks)
    • 2019 Dec
    • 2019 Dec (100 marks)
    • 2019 Jun
    • 2018 Dec
    • 2018 Jun
    • 2017 Dec
    • 2017 Jun
    • 2016 Dec
    • 2016 Jun
    • 2015 Dec
    • 2015 Jun
    • 2014 Dec
    • 2014 Jun
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    • 2011 Jan

Questions

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It covers the prescribed syllabus and every question the papers listed on this page asked. It is not a substitute for your lectures or for reading the bare Acts, and we would not claim otherwise.

Can I get a refund?

Once a semester is unlocked it stays unlocked, and there is no way to hand back reading you have already done. That is why this page shows you so much before you pay: the cover of every subject, every chapter in it by name, and the page each one starts on. Read that first and buy only if it is the book you want. If something genuinely went wrong, being charged twice or paying and having nothing unlock, write to us and we refund it: the cancellation and refund policy sets out which cases those are.

Does it renew automatically?

No. It is one payment for one semester. Nothing is charged again unless you choose to buy another semester yourself.

₹798 ₹998
Notes and solved papers, 365 days
Or either one alone: ₹499
Unlock Semester 6
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