Logic I Notes | B.A. LL.B. (Five Year Course) Semester 1 | Mumbai University | munotes

Contents

Module I Introduction to Logical and Legal Reasoning

1. What Logic Is: the Traditional Definitions 1
2. The Modern Definition of Logic 8
3. What an Argument Is 13
4. Identifying an Argument 18
5. Analysing an Argument: Purpose, Content, Language and Form 23
6. Evaluating an Argument 29
7. Constructing an Argument 33
8. Deductive Reasoning 37
9. Inductive Reasoning 42
10. Deduction and Induction in the Courts 47
11. Truth and Validity 53
12. Inference and Implication 58
13. The Correspondence Theory of Truth 63
14. The Coherence Theory of Truth 67
15. The Pragmatic Theory of Truth 72
16. The Laws of Thought 77
17. Terms and Their Meaning 82
18. Connotation and Denotation 87
19. Positive and Negative Terms 92
20. Contrary and Contradictory Terms 96
21. Induction by Simple Enumeration 100
22. Analogy: What Makes One Good or Bad 105
23. Analogy in Law, and Circumstantial Evidence 110

Module II Propositions

1. What a Proposition Is 117
2. Proposition, Judgment and Fact 121
3. Constituent and Component 126
4. The Traditional Classification: Categorical and Conditional 130
5. The Fourfold Classification: A, E, I and O 137
6. Conditional Propositions: Hypothetical and Disjunctive 141
7. Reduction of Sentences to Their Logical Forms 146
8. Distribution of Terms in A, E, I and O 151
9. The Failure of the Traditional Classification 155
10. The Modern Classification: What It Is For 160
11. Kinds of Simple and Compound Propositions 164
12. Basic Truth Tables for Compound Propositions 169
13. General Propositions: Universal and Existential 175
14. The Two Classifications Compared 181
15. Traditional and Modern General Propositions Distinguished 185
16. Predication and the Copula 189

Module III Inference

1. Inference and Its Kinds: Immediate and Mediate 194
2. The Square of Opposition 198
3. Inference by Opposition of Propositions 204
4. Opposition of Singular Propositions 208
5. Eduction and Its Types 212
6. Conversion 216
7. Obversion 220
8. The Obverted Converse 224
9. Contraposition, Partial and Full 228
10. Inversion, Partial and Full 232
11. Material Obversion 237
12. Inference by Added Determinants 241
13. Inference by Complex Conception 246
14. Inference by Converse Relation 251

Module IV Definition And Logical Division

1. The Purpose of Definition 255
2. Traditional Definition: Genus and Differentia 259
3. Rules and Fallacies of Definition 264
4. Modern Definitions: the Kinds 269
5. Methods and Purposes of Definition 274
6. Précising Definition in Law 279
7. Private and Public Nuisance 285
8. Consent in the Law of Contract 291
9. Medical Negligence 300
10. Logical Division and Its Rules 307
11. Fallacies of Division 313
12. Division by Dichotomy 318
13. Kinds of Evidence as a Logical Division 323
14. Wigmorean Analysis and Fact Management 329