Logic I Notes | B.A. LL.B. (Five Year Course) Semester 1 | Mumbai University | munotes

Contents

Module I Introduction to Logical and Legal Reasoning

1. What Logic Is: the Traditional Definitions 1
2. The Modern Definition of Logic 8
3. What an Argument Is 13
4. Identifying an Argument 18
5. Analysing an Argument: Purpose, Content, Language and Form 23
6. Evaluating an Argument 29
7. Constructing an Argument 33
8. Deductive Reasoning 37
9. Inductive Reasoning 42
10. Deduction and Induction in the Courts 47
11. Truth and Validity 53
12. Inference and Implication 58
13. The Correspondence Theory of Truth 63
14. The Coherence Theory of Truth 67
15. The Pragmatic Theory of Truth 72
16. The Laws of Thought 77
17. Terms and Their Meaning 82
18. Connotation and Denotation 87
19. Positive and Negative Terms 92
20. Contrary and Contradictory Terms 96
21. Induction by Simple Enumeration 100
22. Analogy: What Makes One Good or Bad 105
23. Analogy in Law, and Circumstantial Evidence 110

Module II Propositions

1. What a Proposition Is 117
2. Proposition, Judgment and Fact 121
3. Constituent and Component 126
4. The Traditional Classification: Categorical and Conditional 130
5. The Fourfold Classification: A, E, I and O 136
6. Conditional Propositions: Hypothetical and Disjunctive 140
7. Reduction of Sentences to Their Logical Forms 145
8. Distribution of Terms in A, E, I and O 150
9. The Failure of the Traditional Classification 154
10. The Modern Classification: What It Is For 159
11. Kinds of Simple and Compound Propositions 163
12. Basic Truth Tables for Compound Propositions 168
13. General Propositions: Universal and Existential 174
14. The Two Classifications Compared 180
15. Traditional and Modern General Propositions Distinguished 184
16. Predication and the Copula 188

Module III Inference

1. Inference and Its Kinds: Immediate and Mediate 193
2. The Square of Opposition 197
3. Inference by Opposition of Propositions 203
4. Opposition of Singular Propositions 207
5. Eduction and Its Types 211
6. Conversion 215
7. Obversion 219
8. The Obverted Converse 223
9. Contraposition, Partial and Full 227
10. Inversion, Partial and Full 231
11. Material Obversion 236
12. Inference by Added Determinants 240
13. Inference by Complex Conception 245
14. Inference by Converse Relation 250

Module IV Definition And Logical Division

1. The Purpose of Definition 254
2. Traditional Definition: Genus and Differentia 258
3. Rules and Fallacies of Definition 263
4. Modern Definitions: the Kinds 268
5. Methods and Purposes of Definition 273
6. Précising Definition in Law 278
7. Private and Public Nuisance 284
8. Consent in the Law of Contract 290
9. Medical Negligence 299
10. Logical Division and Its Rules 306
11. Fallacies of Division 312
12. Division by Dichotomy 317
13. Kinds of Evidence as a Logical Division 322
14. Wigmorean Analysis and Fact Management 328