Legal Language Notes | LL.B. (3 years) Semester 1 | Mumbai University | munotes

Contents

Module I

1. Law, Custom and Justice 1
2. Right, Duty, Wrong and Remedy 8
3. Fact, Person, Offence and State 16
4. Plaint, Complaint, Suit and Affidavit 24
5. Judgment, Appeal, Review, Revision and Reference 32
6. Writ, Stay Order, Injunction and Adjournment 41
7. Cause of Action, Issue, Charge and Bail 50
8. Ex Parte, Discharge, Acquittal and Conviction 59
9. Legal Heirs, Legal Representative and Power of Attorney 66
10. International Law, Arbitration, Jurisdiction and Amicus Curiae 74
11. Legal Maxims: the First Eight 82
12. Legal Maxims: the Remaining Seven 91

Module II

1. Law Reports, Law Magazines and How to Find a Case 99
2. Statutes: Meaning and Classification 107
3. Commencement of Statutes 114
4. Prospective Application and Retrospective Effect 121
5. Repeal of Statutes, and the Provisions Dealing with Repeal under the General Clauses Act 128
6. General English: Active and Passive Voice, and Direct and Indirect Speech 136
7. General English: Degrees of Comparison, Kinds of Sentences and Question Tags 142
8. Essay Writing and Comprehension 149

Module III

1. Internal Aids to the Interpretation of a Statute 155
2. External Aids to the Interpretation of a Statute 168
3. D.K. Basu v. State of West Bengal 177
4. M.C. Mehta v. Union of India 186
5. Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan 193
6. Joseph Shine v. Union of India 200
7. Aruna Shanbaug v. Union of India 206
8. Indian Young Lawyers Association v. State of Kerala 213

Module IV

1. The Literal Rule 221
2. The Golden Rule 227
3. The Mischief Rule, or the Rule in Heydon's Case 233
4. Secondary Rules: Noscitur a Sociis, Ejusdem Generis and Reddendo Singula Singulis 240
5. Interpretation by Subject Matter and Purpose: Restrictive and Beneficial Construction 247
6. Taxing Statutes, Penal Statutes and Welfare Legislation 254
7. Interpretation of Directory and Mandatory Provisions 262
8. Interpretation of Substantive and Adjective Statutes 269
9. Presumptions in Statutory Interpretation 275
10. The General Clauses Act 1897: What It Is, and Its Definitions 283
11. General Rules of Construction under the General Clauses Act 290
12. Powers, Functionaries and Subordinate Legislation under the General Clauses Act 298
13. The Miscellaneous Provisions of the General Clauses Act 307