Python Programming Notes | B.Sc. (Information Technology) Semester 3 | Mumbai University | munotes

Contents

Module I Basic Elements of Python Programming

1. What Python Is, and the Features That Made It Popular 1
2. Installing Python and Running Your First Program 6
3. How a Python Program Is Executed: Source, Bytecode and the PVM 10
4. The Python Interpreter: The Prompt, Script Mode and the Command Line 14
5. Comments 18
6. IDLE: The Shell, The Editor and The Debugger 22
7. The Data Types Python Gives You 26
8. Numbers: int, float, complex and bool 30
9. The Dictionary as a Data Type 34
10. Sets and the frozenset 37
11. Mapping: What a Mapping Type Is 41
12. Tokens, Keywords, Identifiers and Literals 44
13. Statements, Lines and Indentation 48
14. Variables and What a Name Really Holds 52
15. Reading What the User Types: The input() Function 56
16. Output Statements: The print() Function 60
17. Command Line Arguments and sys.argv 63
18. Arithmetic Operators 66
19. Relational Operators and Chained Comparison 70
20. Logical Operators and Short-Circuit Evaluation 74
21. Bitwise Operators 78
22. Assignment Operators 82
23. Membership and Identity Operators 86
24. Precedence and Associativity of Operators 90
25. Control Statements: The Three Kinds Python Has 94
26. The if Statement 98
27. The if...else Statement and the Conditional Expression 101
28. The if...elif...else Statement 105
29. The while Loop 109
30. The for Loop and the range() Function 113
31. The Infinite Loop and The Nested Loop 117
32. The else Suite on a Loop 122
33. break, continue and pass 125
34. The assert Statement 129
35. The return Statement 132
36. What an Array Is, and Why a List Is Not One 135
37. Creating an Array with the array Module 139
38. Indexing and Slicing an Array 143
39. Basic Array Operations 147
40. Processing an Array 151
41. NumPy and the ndarray 156
42. Mathematical Operations on an Array 160
43. Aliasing an Array Against Copying One 165
44. Slicing and Indexing in NumPy Arrays 170
45. Basic Slicing of a NumPy Array 174
46. Advanced Indexing 178
47. Dimensions and Attributes of an Array 183
48. Function Definition and Call 188
49. Returning a Result from a Function 192
50. Returning Multiple Values from a Function 196
51. The Built-in Functions 200
52. The Difference Between a Function and a Method 204
53. Pass by Object Reference 208
54. Parameters and Arguments 213
55. Default and Keyword Arguments 216
56. *args and **kwargs: Any Number of Arguments 220
57. Local and Global Scope 224
58. Recursive Functions 229
59. Anonymous Functions: The lambda 234
60. Modules in Python 239
61. Writing Your Own Module and the __name__ == '__main__' Idiom 244
62. Creating Strings 249
63. The Functions and Methods of a String 253
64. Working with Strings: Indexing, Slicing, Concatenation and Membership 258
65. Formatting Strings: The f-string 263
66. Formatting Strings with format() and the Percent Operator 267
67. Finding the Number of Characters and Words 271
68. Inserting a Substring into a String 276
69. Module 1: The Practical Set 280

Module II List

1. Exploring the List: What Makes It Different 289
2. Creating a List 293
3. List Functions and Methods 298
4. List Operations 303
5. List Slices 308
6. Nested Lists and the Matrix 312
7. Tuples 317
8. The Functions That Work on a Tuple 321
9. Creating a Dictionary 325
10. The Operators That Work on a Dictionary 330
11. Dictionary Methods 334
12. Using a for Loop with a Dictionary 339
13. Operations on Dictionaries 343
14. Sorting a Dictionary by Value 348
15. Opening and Closing a File 352
16. Working with Text Files 356
17. Reading the Last n Lines of a File 361
18. Working with Binary Files 365
19. The with Statement 370
20. Pickle in Python 374
21. seek() and tell() 380
22. Random Access to a Binary File 385
23. Zipping and Unzipping Files 390
24. Working with Directories 395
25. Regular Expressions: An Introduction 401
26. Sequence Characters in a Regular Expression 407
27. Special Characters in a Regular Expression 412
28. Using a Regular Expression on a File 418
29. Retrieving Information from an HTML File 423
30. Time in Python: The Epoch and struct_time 428
31. The date Object 433
32. The Date and Time Now 438
33. Combining a Date and a Time 442
34. Formatting a Date and a Time 446
35. Finding and Comparing Dates 451
36. Sorting Dates 457
37. Knowing the Time a Program Takes 462
38. Working with the Calendar Module 467
39. Module 2: The Practical Set 472
40. Sitting the Paper: Thirty Marks in One Hour 479