KSLU Solved Question Papers
Quantitative Techniques (Hons)
Previous Year Question Paper with Solution
B.B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) · Sem 3
2023 Mar Examination
munotes.in
Mumbai
B.B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) Sem 3 Quantitative Techniques (Hons) 2023 Mar Question Paper with Solutions
First published on munotes.in on 2 November 2026.
Published by munotes.in, Mumbai.
Model answers written and edited by the munotes.in editorial desk.
Passages from this volume may be quoted, in print, online or by an AI system, with credit: name munotes.in and link to this volume's page. The volume may not be reproduced as a whole. Full terms at munotes.in/content-license.
munotes.in is an independent study resource for students of Karnataka State Law University. It is not affiliated with Karnataka State Law University, and is not endorsed by it.
The University does not publish an official answer key for this paper. The answers in this volume are model answers, written to show how a full-mark answer is built. They are a study aid, not an authority on what an examiner marked.
The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by Karnataka State Law University at the 2023 Mar examination.
Contents
The questions below are the paper as Karnataka State Law University set it at the 2023 Mar examination, in the order it was set.
MarksPage
The Paper as Set
The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the 2023 Mar examination, reproduced as Karnataka State Law University set them, in the order it set them. Long reading passages are shortened to their first and last lines and our summary; the original paper prints them in full. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.
Total marks 70 · 12 questions answered
How to use this volume
Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.
Q1Define Operations Research. What are the objectives of Operations Research ?[10]
Answer
For full marks, cover: a definition of operations research, with its wartime origin; its main features; each of its objectives explained with a business example; and how the objectives serve the manager.
Meaning and definition
Operations research (OR) is the use of scientific and mathematical methods to help managers take better decisions. It studies a problem as a whole, builds a model of it, and finds the course of action that gives the best result. That best result may be the greatest profit or output, or the least cost, time or risk.
The subject began as operational research in Britain. In 1937, scientists at the Bawdsey Research Station studied how the new early-warning radar was being used, not only how it was built. During the Second World War, teams of scientists advised the armed forces on such matters as anti-aircraft fire and the use of depth charges. In that period operational research was defined as "a scientific method of providing executive departments with a quantitative basis for decisions regarding the operations under their control."
After the war the same methods moved into business, industry and government. Today operations research is described as a branch of applied mathematics that develops analytical methods to improve management and decision-making. It is also called management science.
In simple words, operations research is the scientific study of an organisation's operations. It lets the manager choose the best of the possible courses of action.
Features of operations research
- Decision-oriented. Its purpose is a better decision, not knowledge for its own sake.
- Scientific method. It defines the problem, collects data, builds a model, tests it and then recommends a course of action.
- Whole-system view. It looks at the effect of a decision on every department, not on one alone.
- Team approach. It draws on mathematicians, statisticians, economists, engineers and managers together.
- Use of models. It represents a real problem by a mathematical model, such as a linear programme or a network.
- Quantitative. It expresses costs, times and resources in numbers, so that choices can be compared.
- Optimisation. It seeks the best answer within the limits of money, people, machines and time.
- Use of computers. Large problems need computers to solve the models quickly.
Objectives of operations research
1. To give a scientific basis for decisions. Many business decisions are taken on habit or guesswork. Operations research replaces these with a decision based on data and a tested model. For example, a company can decide how much of each product to make by linear programming instead of by rule of thumb.
2. To find the best (optimum) solution. A manager usually has many possible courses of action. OR aims to find the one that maximises profit or minimises cost. The transportation method, for example, finds the cheapest way to send goods from factories to markets.
3. To make the best use of scarce resources. Money, materials, machine hours and skilled workers are always limited. OR shows how to share them among competing uses so that nothing is wasted. A factory with limited machine hours can find the product mix that earns the most from those hours.
4. To reduce costs and increase efficiency. By studying stocks, transport, waiting lines and schedules, OR cuts waste and idle time. An inventory model, for example, tells a shop how much to order and when. The shop then neither runs short nor locks money in excess stock.
5. To coordinate the departments of an organisation. Production wants long runs, sales wants variety, and finance wants low stocks. OR studies the organisation as a whole and finds a decision that balances these aims for the good of the whole firm.
6. To plan and control projects. Network methods such as PERT and CPM show which activities decide the length of a project. Managers can then watch those activities closely and finish the project on time.
7. To reduce risk and uncertainty. Through methods such as decision theory, simulation and forecasting, OR helps managers judge the likely results of a decision before they commit money to it.
8. To improve the quality of management. By making the problem, the alternatives and their results clear, OR helps managers understand their own operations better. It also gives them a common language for discussing choices.
How the objectives help the manager
Taken together, the objectives turn decision-making into an orderly process. The manager knows what is to be achieved, what limits apply, and which choice gives the best result within those limits. OR does not replace the manager's judgment. It gives the manager facts and figures on which that judgment can rest, and it shows the cost of departing from the best answer.
Conclusion. Operations research is the application of scientific and mathematical methods to an organisation's problems so that the manager can choose the best course of action. It began with military operational research in Britain before and during the Second World War. Its objectives are a scientific basis for decisions, optimum solutions and the best use of scarce resources. It also seeks lower costs, better coordination, better project control and less risk.
The rest of the answers
The first answer is free. The rest come with the KSLU B.B.A. LL.B. Semester 3 solved papers.
You have read the question paper and its first answer in full. Buy the solved papers once and you can read every answer of every solved paper in this semester.
Solved papers: ₹499 Already bought it? Sign in
The question paper itself stays free, and so does the syllabus.
Found an error in this volume? Report it and we will check it against the paper.