KSLU Solved Question Papers
Quantitative Techniques (Hons)
Previous Year Question Paper with Solution
B.B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) · Sem 3
2021 Mar Examination
munotes.in
Mumbai
B.B.A. LL.B. (Five Years) Sem 3 Quantitative Techniques (Hons) 2021 Mar Question Paper with Solutions
First published on munotes.in on 2 November 2026.
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The question paper reproduced here is the paper as set by Karnataka State Law University at the 2021 Mar examination.
Contents
The questions below are the paper as Karnataka State Law University set it at the 2021 Mar examination, in the order it was set.
MarksPage
MarksPage
The Paper as Set
The questions in this volume are the questions asked at the 2021 Mar examination, reproduced as Karnataka State Law University set them, in the order it set them. Long reading passages are shortened to their first and last lines and our summary; the original paper prints them in full. Only the answers are ours. See the original question paper.
Total marks 70 · 14 questions answered
How to use this volume
Solve the paper first, under exam conditions and against the clock. Then read the answers here and mark your own. Reading a solution before attempting the question feels productive and teaches very little, because recognising an answer is not the same as being able to write one.
Q1What is operations research ? Describe its applications.[10]
Answer
For full marks, cover: what operations research is and how it works, phase by phase; and its applications, each with an example, arranged by the technique used and by the area of work.
What is operations research?
Operations research (OR) is the scientific study of operations in order to take the best decisions about them. It treats a business or public problem the way a scientist treats an experiment. The problem is defined, measured and turned into a model, and the model is solved to find the best course of action.
The subject grew out of British "operational research". Scientists at the Bawdsey Research Station began it in 1937 to study the radar warning system. During the Second World War about a thousand men and women in Britain worked in it. Patrick Blackett's teams, for example, showed how changes in the setting of depth charges would sink more submarines. After the war, the same methods were applied to industry, trade and government.
How operations research works: its phases
- Formulating the problem. The aim, the decision variables and the limits are stated clearly. For example: how many units of each product should be made, given limited machine hours?
- Building a model. The problem is expressed in mathematical terms, such as an objective function and constraints.
- Collecting data. Costs, times, demands and capacities are measured.
- Solving the model. A method such as the simplex method, the transportation method or the critical path method gives the best answer.
- Testing the solution. The answer is checked against past results or common sense.
- Implementing and reviewing. The decision is put into practice and watched, and the model is updated when conditions change.
Applications by technique
1. Linear programming. It finds the best use of limited resources. A factory uses it to choose its product mix. A cattle-feed maker uses it to blend ingredients at the least cost while meeting the nutrient needs.
2. The transportation model. It finds the cheapest plan for sending goods from several sources to several destinations. A cement company uses it to supply its dealers from its plants.
3. The assignment model. It assigns jobs to persons or machines one to one at the least cost or time. A college can use it to assign teachers to subjects, and a taxi firm to send cars to customers.
4. Network analysis (PERT and CPM). It plans and controls projects such as building a bridge, launching a product or holding an election. It shows the critical activities that decide the project's length.
5. Inventory models. They decide how much stock to order and when, so that the cost of ordering plus the cost of holding stock is least.
6. Queuing theory. It studies waiting lines. A bank uses it to decide how many counters to open, and a hospital to plan its outpatient desks.
7. Replacement models. They tell a transport company when to replace its buses, and a factory when to replace its machines.
8. Game theory. It helps a firm choose its strategy when the result depends on a rival's moves, as in pricing.
9. Simulation. It tests a plan on a model before the plan is tried in real life, for example a new layout of a store.
Applications by area
| Area | Example of an OR application |
|---|---|
| Production | scheduling jobs on machines; product mix |
| Marketing | media selection; sales territories; distribution |
| Finance | capital budgeting; investment portfolio |
| Personnel | staffing and shift planning; assignment of staff |
| Transport | routes, fleet size and timetables |
| Agriculture | crop planning; use of water and fertiliser |
| Health | hospital beds, theatres and staff rosters |
| Defence | logistics and deployment |
| Government | economic planning; traffic and city services |
An example of an application in practice
A dairy co-operative collects milk from villages and supplies it to towns. It must decide how much milk each chilling centre should send to each town. The transportation model gives the cheapest plan that meets every town's demand. The assignment model then gives each tanker driver one route, so that the total travelling time is least. For a new processing plant, a network plan shows which tasks must finish first and how long the whole project will take. One organisation thus uses three OR techniques for three different decisions.
Why its applications matter
In every one of these uses the manager gets a clear, measured basis for the decision. Costs fall, resources are used better and the results of a choice can be seen in advance. At the same time, OR works only where the problem can be measured. The final decision always rests with the manager, who must also weigh things a model cannot count.
Conclusion. Operations research is the scientific study of operations, carried out in phases from defining the problem to putting the answer into practice. Its applications run from product mix, transport and assignment to projects, stocks, queues and replacement. They extend across production, marketing, finance, personnel, transport, agriculture, health, defence and government.
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